GH-48766: [CI][Packaging] Delete conan related packaging jobs and CI … #57419

Job	Run time
ARM64 macOS 14 Python 3	26m 44s
AMD64 macOS 15-intel Python 3	12m 37s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.12 without NumPy	19m 14s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.11 Sphinx & Numpydoc	31m 0s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.11 Without Pandas	20m 54s
AMD64 Windows 2022 Python 3.13	33m 56s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.13 Pandas latest	21m 23s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.10 Pandas 1.3.4	22m 2s
	3h 7m 50s

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