diff --git a/.github/workflows/download-arm64-libs.py b/.github/workflows/download-arm64-libs.py
index 63e48971ab..21b23cc79a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/download-arm64-libs.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/download-arm64-libs.py
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@
 
 VERSION = "{}.{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info[:3])
 if sys.version_info.releaselevel == "alpha":
-    VERSION += "-a{}".format(sys.version_info.serial)
+    VERSION += f"-a{sys.version_info.serial}"
 if sys.version_info.releaselevel == "beta":
-    VERSION += "-b{}".format(sys.version_info.serial)
+    VERSION += f"-b{sys.version_info.serial}"
 if sys.version_info.releaselevel == "candidate":
-    VERSION += "-rc{}".format(sys.version_info.serial)
+    VERSION += f"-rc{sys.version_info.serial}"
 
 URL = f"https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/package/pythonarm64/{VERSION}"
 PATH = dest / f"pythonarm64.{VERSION}.zip"
diff --git a/AutoDuck/BuildHHP.py b/AutoDuck/BuildHHP.py
index aa1f4119f0..52662d8f4a 100644
--- a/AutoDuck/BuildHHP.py
+++ b/AutoDuck/BuildHHP.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def handle_globs(lGlobs):
     for g in lGlobs:
         new = glob.glob(g)
         if len(new) == 0:
-            print("The pattern '%s' yielded no files!" % (g,))
+            print(f"The pattern '{g}' yielded no files!")
         lFiles = lFiles + new
     # lFiles is now the list of origin files.
     # Normalize all of the paths:
@@ -111,12 +111,12 @@ def main():
             shutil.copyfile(lSrcFiles[i], file)
 
         for file in lDestFiles:
-            html_files = html_files + "%s\\%s\n" % (html_dir, file)
+            html_files = html_files + f"{html_dir}\\{file}\n"
 
     for cat in doc:
-        html_files = html_files + "%s\\%s.html\n" % (output_dir, cat.id)
+        html_files = html_files + f"{output_dir}\\{cat.id}.html\n"
         for suffix in "_overview _modules _objects _constants".split():
-            html_files = html_files + "%s\\%s%s.html\n" % (output_dir, cat.id, suffix)
+            html_files = html_files + f"{output_dir}\\{cat.id}{suffix}.html\n"
 
     f.write(sHHPFormat % {"output": output, "target": target, "html_files": html_files})
     f.close()
diff --git a/AutoDuck/Dump2HHC.py b/AutoDuck/Dump2HHC.py
index d6071d31b4..42790a9d81 100644
--- a/AutoDuck/Dump2HHC.py
+++ b/AutoDuck/Dump2HHC.py
@@ -153,19 +153,16 @@ def parseTopics(cat, input):
             elif top.type == "const":
                 d = cat.constants
             else:
-                raise RuntimeError("What is '%s'" % (top.type,))
+                raise RuntimeError(f"What is '{top.type}'")
 
             if top.name in d:
-                print("Duplicate named %s detected: %s" % (top.type, top.name))
+                print(f"Duplicate named {top.type} detected: {top.name}")
 
             # Skip the property fields line for module/object
             line = input.readline()
             line = line[:-1]
             fields = line.split("\t")
-            assert len(fields[0]) == 0 and len(fields[1]) == 0, "%s, %s" % (
-                fields,
-                top.name,
-            )
+            assert len(fields[0]) == 0 and len(fields[1]) == 0, f"{fields}, {top.name}"
             if line == "":
                 raise ValueError("incomplete topic!")
 
@@ -197,16 +194,10 @@ def parseTopics(cat, input):
                 assert len(fields[0]) == 0 and len(fields[1]) == 0, fields
                 if top2.type == "pymeth":
                     top2.name = fields[2]
-                    top2.context = "%s__%s_meth.html" % (
-                        _urlescape(top.name),
-                        top2.name,
-                    )
+                    top2.context = f"{_urlescape(top.name)}__{top2.name}_meth.html"
                 elif top2.type == "prop":
                     top2.name = fields[3]
-                    top2.context = "%s__%s_prop.html" % (
-                        _urlescape(top.name),
-                        top2.name,
-                    )
+                    top2.context = f"{_urlescape(top.name)}__{top2.name}_prop.html"
                 else:
                     # and loop....
                     line = input.readline()
@@ -244,7 +235,7 @@ def _genCategoryHTMLFromDict(dict, output):
     keys.sort()
     for key in keys:
         topic = dict[key]
-        output.write('<LI><A HREF="%s">%s</A>\n' % (topic.context, topic.name))
+        output.write(f'<LI><A HREF="{topic.context}">{topic.name}</A>\n')
 
 
 def _genOneCategoryHTML(output_dir, cat, title, suffix, *dicts):
@@ -271,7 +262,7 @@ def _genCategoryTopic(output_dir, cat, title):
         ("Modules", "_modules"),
         ("Objects", "_objects"),
     ):
-        output.write('<LI><A HREF="%s%s.html">%s</A>\n' % (cat.id, suffix, subtitle))
+        output.write(f'<LI><A HREF="{cat.id}{suffix}.html">{subtitle}</A>\n')
     output.write("</BODY></HTML>\n")
     output.close()
 
@@ -302,12 +293,13 @@ def _genItemsFromDict(dict, cat, output, target, do_children=1):
         output.write(
             """
         <LI> <OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
-             <param name="Name" value="%(name)s">
+             <param name="Name" value="{name}">
              <param name="ImageNumber" value="1">
-             <param name="Local" value="%(CHM)s%(context)s">
+             <param name="Local" value="{CHM}{context}">
              </OBJECT>
-      """
-            % locals()
+      """.format(
+                **locals()
+            )
         )
         if not do_children:
             continue
@@ -317,13 +309,12 @@ def _genItemsFromDict(dict, cat, output, target, do_children=1):
         containees.sort(key=TopicKey)
         for m in containees:
             output.write(
-                """
+                f"""
         <LI><OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
-             <param name="Name" value="%s">
+             <param name="Name" value="{m.name}">
              <param name="ImageNumber" value="11">
-             <param name="Local" value="%s%s">
+             <param name="Local" value="{CHM}{m.context}">
             </OBJECT>"""
-                % (m.name, CHM, m.context)
             )
         if len(dict[k].contains) > 0:
             output.write(
@@ -347,13 +338,14 @@ def genTOC(cats, output, title, target):
 </OBJECT>
 <UL>
     <LI> <OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
-        <param name="Name" value="%(title)s">
+        <param name="Name" value="{title}">
         <param name="ImageNumber" value="1">
-        <param name="Local" value="%(CHM)s%(target)s.html">
+        <param name="Local" value="{CHM}{target}.html">
         </OBJECT>
     <UL>
-"""
-        % locals()
+""".format(
+            **locals()
+        )
     )
 
     for cat in cats:
@@ -362,13 +354,14 @@ def genTOC(cats, output, title, target):
         output.write(
             """\
             <LI> <OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
-                 <param name="Name" value="%(cat_name)s">
+                 <param name="Name" value="{cat_name}">
                  <param name="ImageNumber" value="1">
-                 <param name="Local" value="%(CHM)s%(cat_id)s.html">
+                 <param name="Local" value="{CHM}{cat_id}.html">
                  </OBJECT>
             <UL>
-        """
-            % locals()
+        """.format(
+                **locals()
+            )
         )
         # Next write the overviews for this category
         output.write(
@@ -376,11 +369,12 @@ def genTOC(cats, output, title, target):
                 <LI> <OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
                      <param name="Name" value="Overviews">
                      <param name="ImageNumber" value="1">
-                     <param name="Local" value="%(CHM)s%(cat_id)s_overview.html">
+                     <param name="Local" value="{CHM}{cat_id}_overview.html">
                      </OBJECT>
                 <UL>
-        """
-            % locals()
+        """.format(
+                **locals()
+            )
         )
         _genItemsFromDict(cat.overviewTopics, cat, output, target)
         _genItemsFromDict(cat.extOverviewTopics, cat, output, target)
@@ -394,11 +388,12 @@ def genTOC(cats, output, title, target):
                 <LI> <OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
                     <param name="Name" value="Modules">
                     <param name="ImageNumber" value="1">
-                    <param name="Local" value="%(CHM)s%(cat_id)s_modules.html">
+                    <param name="Local" value="{CHM}{cat_id}_modules.html">
                     </OBJECT>
                 <UL>
-"""
-            % locals()
+""".format(
+                **locals()
+            )
         )
         _genItemsFromDict(cat.modules, cat, output, target)
         output.write(
@@ -411,10 +406,11 @@ def genTOC(cats, output, title, target):
                 <LI> <OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
                     <param name="Name" value="Objects">
                     <param name="ImageNumber" value="1">
-                    <param name="Local" value="%(CHM)s%(cat_id)s_objects.html">
+                    <param name="Local" value="{CHM}{cat_id}_objects.html">
                     </OBJECT>
-                <UL>"""
-            % locals()
+                <UL>""".format(
+                **locals()
+            )
         )
         # Dont show 'children' for objects - params etc don't need their own child nodes!
         _genItemsFromDict(cat.objects, cat, output, target, do_children=0)
@@ -428,11 +424,12 @@ def genTOC(cats, output, title, target):
     <LI> <OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
          <param name="Name" value="Constants">
          <param name="ImageNumber" value="1">
-         <param name="Local" value="%(CHM)s%(cat_id)s_constants.html">
+         <param name="Local" value="{CHM}{cat_id}_constants.html">
          </OBJECT>
            <UL>
-"""
-            % locals()
+""".format(
+                **locals()
+            )
         )
         _genItemsFromDict(cat.constants, cat, output, target)
         output.write(
diff --git a/AutoDuck/InsertExternalOverviews.py b/AutoDuck/InsertExternalOverviews.py
index c94ddef443..ea7c2c7228 100644
--- a/AutoDuck/InsertExternalOverviews.py
+++ b/AutoDuck/InsertExternalOverviews.py
@@ -25,21 +25,21 @@ def processFile(input, out, extLinksHTML, extTopicHTML, importantHTML):
 def genHTML(doc):
     s = ""
     for cat in doc:
-        s = s + "<H3>%s</H3>\n" % (cat.label,)
+        s = s + f"<H3>{cat.label}</H3>\n"
         dict = {}
         for item in cat.overviewItems.items:
             dict[item.name] = item.href
         keys = list(dict.keys())
         keys.sort()
         for k in keys:
-            s = s + '<LI><A HREF="html/%s">%s</A>\n' % (dict[k], k)
+            s = s + f'<LI><A HREF="html/{dict[k]}">{k}</A>\n'
     return s
 
 
 def genLinksHTML(links):
     s = ""
     for link in links:
-        s = s + '<LI><A HREF="%s">%s</A>\n' % (link.href, link.name)
+        s = s + f'<LI><A HREF="{link.href}">{link.name}</A>\n'
     return s
 
 
diff --git a/AutoDuck/TOCToHHK.py b/AutoDuck/TOCToHHK.py
index 235b786772..edeb8457e3 100644
--- a/AutoDuck/TOCToHHK.py
+++ b/AutoDuck/TOCToHHK.py
@@ -37,13 +37,12 @@ def main():
         if " " in context:
             context = context.replace(" ", "_")
         out.write(
-            """    <LI><OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
-        <param name="Keyword" value="%s">
-        <param name="Name" value="%s">
-        <param name="Local" value="%s.html">
+            f"""    <LI><OBJECT type="text/sitemap">
+        <param name="Keyword" value="{keyword}">
+        <param name="Name" value="{fields[1]}">
+        <param name="Local" value="{context}.html">
         </OBJECT>
 """
-            % (keyword, fields[1], context)
         )
         line = input.readline()
     out.write(
diff --git a/AutoDuck/document_object.py b/AutoDuck/document_object.py
index e610a788eb..3755fdf46f 100644
--- a/AutoDuck/document_object.py
+++ b/AutoDuck/document_object.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def startElement(self, name, attrs):
             category = self.document.categories[-1]
             assert (
                 category.overviewItems is None
-            ), "category %r already has overviews" % (category,)
+            ), f"category {category!r} already has overviews"
             category.overviewItems = OverviewItems(attrs)
         elif name == "item":
             item = Item(attrs)
diff --git a/AutoDuck/makedfromi.py b/AutoDuck/makedfromi.py
index 678a422e87..b83c51e201 100644
--- a/AutoDuck/makedfromi.py
+++ b/AutoDuck/makedfromi.py
@@ -117,19 +117,18 @@ def make_doc_summary(inFile, outFile):
                 print("**Error - %s does not have enough fields" % meth)
             else:
                 outFile.write(
-                    "// @pymethod %s|%s|%s|%s\n"
-                    % (fields[0], thisModName, fields[1], fields[2])
+                    f"// @pymethod {fields[0]}|{thisModName}|{fields[1]}|{fields[2]}\n"
                 )
             for extra in extras:
                 outFile.write(extra)
         if g_com_parent:
-            outFile.write("\n// @object %s|%s" % (thisModName, modDoc))
+            outFile.write(f"\n// @object {thisModName}|{modDoc}")
             outFile.write("\n// <nl>Derived from <o %s>\n" % (g_com_parent))
         else:
-            outFile.write("\n// @module %s|%s\n" % (thisModName, modDoc))
+            outFile.write(f"\n// @module {thisModName}|{modDoc}\n")
         for meth, extras in these_methods:
             fields = meth.split("|")
-            outFile.write("// @pymeth %s|%s\n" % (fields[1], fields[2]))
+            outFile.write(f"// @pymeth {fields[1]}|{fields[2]}\n")
         chunk_number += 1
         method_num += max_methods
 
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ def make_doc_summary(inFile, outFile):
     for extra in extra_tags:
         outFile.write("%s\n" % (extra))
     for cname, doc in constants:
-        outFile.write("// @const %s|%s|%s\n" % (modName, cname, doc))
+        outFile.write(f"// @const {modName}|{cname}|{doc}\n")
 
 
 def doit():
diff --git a/AutoDuck/py2d.py b/AutoDuck/py2d.py
index 7dda5d8d25..6a0452bf72 100644
--- a/AutoDuck/py2d.py
+++ b/AutoDuck/py2d.py
@@ -112,32 +112,30 @@ def build_module(fp, mod_name):
         elif name.upper() == name and isinstance(ob, (int, str)):
             constants.append((name, ob))
     info = BuildInfo(mod_name, mod)
-    Print("// @module %s|%s" % (mod_name, format_desc(info.desc)), file=fp)
+    Print(f"// @module {mod_name}|{format_desc(info.desc)}", file=fp)
     functions = [f for f in functions if should_build_function(f)]
     for ob in functions:
-        Print("// @pymeth %s|%s" % (ob.name, ob.short_desc), file=fp)
+        Print(f"// @pymeth {ob.name}|{ob.short_desc}", file=fp)
     for ob in classes:
         # only classes with docstrings get printed.
         if not ob.ob.__doc__:
             continue
         ob_name = mod_name + "." + ob.name
-        Print("// @pyclass %s|%s" % (ob.name, ob.short_desc), file=fp)
+        Print(f"// @pyclass {ob.name}|{ob.short_desc}", file=fp)
     for ob in functions:
         Print(
-            "// @pymethod |%s|%s|%s" % (mod_name, ob.name, format_desc(ob.desc)),
+            f"// @pymethod |{mod_name}|{ob.name}|{format_desc(ob.desc)}",
             file=fp,
         )
         for ai in BuildArgInfos(ob.ob):
-            Print(
-                "// @pyparm |%s|%s|%s" % (ai.name, ai.default, ai.short_desc), file=fp
-            )
+            Print(f"// @pyparm |{ai.name}|{ai.default}|{ai.short_desc}", file=fp)
 
     for ob in classes:
         # only classes with docstrings get printed.
         if not ob.ob.__doc__:
             continue
         ob_name = mod_name + "." + ob.name
-        Print("// @object %s|%s" % (ob_name, format_desc(ob.desc)), file=fp)
+        Print(f"// @object {ob_name}|{format_desc(ob.desc)}", file=fp)
         func_infos = []
         # We need to iter the keys then to a getattr() so the funky descriptor
         # things work.
@@ -148,29 +146,29 @@ def build_module(fp, mod_name):
                 if should_build_function(info):
                     func_infos.append(info)
         for fi in func_infos:
-            Print("// @pymeth %s|%s" % (fi.name, fi.short_desc), file=fp)
+            Print(f"// @pymeth {fi.name}|{fi.short_desc}", file=fp)
         for fi in func_infos:
             Print(
-                "// @pymethod |%s|%s|%s" % (ob_name, fi.name, format_desc(fi.desc)),
+                f"// @pymethod |{ob_name}|{fi.name}|{format_desc(fi.desc)}",
                 file=fp,
             )
             if hasattr(fi.ob, "im_self") and fi.ob.im_self is ob.ob:
                 Print("// @comm This is a @classmethod.", file=fp)
             Print(
-                "// @pymethod |%s|%s|%s" % (ob_name, fi.name, format_desc(fi.desc)),
+                f"// @pymethod |{ob_name}|{fi.name}|{format_desc(fi.desc)}",
                 file=fp,
             )
             for ai in BuildArgInfos(fi.ob):
                 Print(
-                    "// @pyparm |%s|%s|%s" % (ai.name, ai.default, ai.short_desc),
+                    f"// @pyparm |{ai.name}|{ai.default}|{ai.short_desc}",
                     file=fp,
                 )
 
     for name, val in constants:
-        desc = "%s = %r" % (name, val)
+        desc = f"{name} = {val!r}"
         if isinstance(val, int):
-            desc += " (0x%x)" % (val,)
-        Print("// @const %s|%s|%s" % (mod_name, name, desc), file=fp)
+            desc += f" (0x{val:x})"
+        Print(f"// @const {mod_name}|{name}|{desc}", file=fp)
 
 
 def main(fp, args):
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/app/basictimerapp.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/app/basictimerapp.py
index afc9e8dc73..af2f95490b 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/app/basictimerapp.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/app/basictimerapp.py
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def OnTimer(self, id, timeVal):
                     print("The last operation completed successfully.")
                 except:
                     t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
-                    str = "Failed: %s: %s" % (t, repr(v))
+                    str = f"Failed: {t}: {repr(v)}"
                     print(str)
                     self.oldErr.write(str)
                     tb = None  # Prevent cycle
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/guidemo.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/guidemo.py
index b4d88159a0..95b1dbbc91 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/guidemo.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/guidemo.py
@@ -56,10 +56,7 @@ def demo():
             try:
                 exec(cmd)
             except:
-                print(
-                    "Demo of %s failed - %s:%s"
-                    % (cmd, sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1])
-                )
+                print(f"Demo of {cmd} failed - {sys.exc_info()[0]}:{sys.exc_info()[1]}")
         return
     # Otherwise allow the user to select the demo to run
 
@@ -73,10 +70,7 @@ def demo():
         try:
             exec(cmd)
         except:
-            print(
-                "Demo of %s failed - %s:%s"
-                % (title, sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1])
-            )
+            print(f"Demo of {title} failed - {sys.exc_info()[0]}:{sys.exc_info()[1]}")
 
 
 if __name__ == __main__.__name__:
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/ocx/webbrowser.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/ocx/webbrowser.py
index cc17445e9a..914b84a555 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/ocx/webbrowser.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/ocx/webbrowser.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def OnSize(self, params):
         self.ocx.SetWindowPos(0, rect, 0)
 
     def OnNavigate(self, url):
-        title = "Web Browser - %s" % (url,)
+        title = f"Web Browser - {url}"
         self.SetWindowText(title)
 
 
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/dbgpyapp.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/dbgpyapp.py
index 207f404938..284460e87e 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/dbgpyapp.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/dbgpyapp.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def LoadMainFrame(self):
     def InitInstance(self):
         # Use a registry path of "Python\Pythonwin Debugger
         win32ui.SetAppName(win32ui.LoadString(win32ui.IDR_DEBUGGER))
-        win32ui.SetRegistryKey("Python %s" % (sys.winver,))
+        win32ui.SetRegistryKey(f"Python {sys.winver}")
         # We _need_ the Scintilla color editor.
         # (and we _always_ get it now :-)
 
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/debugger.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/debugger.py
index 320e34ddf5..d063f06d57 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/debugger.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/debugger.py
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ def RespondDebuggerData(self):
                 cond = bp.cond
                 item = index + 1, 0, 0, 0, str(cond), 0, id(bp)
                 index = l.InsertItem(item)
-                l.SetItemText(index, 1, "%s: %s" % (baseName, bp.line))
+                l.SetItemText(index, 1, f"{baseName}: {bp.line}")
 
 
 class DebuggerWatchWindow(DebuggerListViewWindow):
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/app.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/app.py
index 409a10c3e9..9793aa1307 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/app.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/app.py
@@ -234,9 +234,7 @@ def OnHelp(self, id, code):
                 help.OpenHelpFile(helpFile, helpCmd)
         except:
             t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
-            win32ui.MessageBox(
-                "Internal error in help file processing\r\n%s: %s" % (t, v)
-            )
+            win32ui.MessageBox(f"Internal error in help file processing\r\n{t}: {v}")
             tb = None  # Prevent a cycle
 
     def DoLoadModules(self, modules):
@@ -364,9 +362,8 @@ def __init__(self, idd=win32ui.IDD_ABOUTBOX):
         dialog.Dialog.__init__(self, idd)
 
     def OnInitDialog(self):
-        text = (
-            "Pythonwin - Python IDE and GUI Framework for Windows.\n\n%s\n\nPython is %s\n\n%s\n\n%s\n\n%s"
-            % (win32ui.copyright, sys.copyright, scintilla, idle, contributors)
+        text = "Pythonwin - Python IDE and GUI Framework for Windows.\n\n{}\n\nPython is {}\n\n{}\n\n{}\n\n{}".format(
+            win32ui.copyright, sys.copyright, scintilla, idle, contributors
         )
         self.SetDlgItemText(win32ui.IDC_EDIT1, text)
         # Get the build number - written by installers.
@@ -387,7 +384,7 @@ def OnInitDialog(self):
                 "SOFTWARE\\ActiveState\\ActivePython", "CurrentVersion"
             )
             if ver is not None:
-                ver = "ActivePython build %s" % (ver,)
+                ver = f"ActivePython build {ver}"
         if ver is None:
             ver = ""
         self.SetDlgItemText(win32ui.IDC_ABOUT_VERSION, ver)
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/ModuleBrowser.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/ModuleBrowser.py
index 7fd965327d..d1437e6a40 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/ModuleBrowser.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/ModuleBrowser.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def TakeDefaultAction(self):
 
     def PerformItemSelected(self):
         if self.file is None:
-            msg = "%s - source can not be located." % (self.name,)
+            msg = f"{self.name} - source can not be located."
         else:
             msg = "%s defined at line %d of %s" % (self.name, self.lineno, self.file)
         win32ui.SetStatusText(msg)
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def _MakeRoot(self):
                     pass
             else:
                 what = "Building"
-            win32ui.SetStatusText("%s class list - please wait..." % (what,), 1)
+            win32ui.SetStatusText(f"{what} class list - please wait...", 1)
             win32ui.DoWaitCursor(1)
             try:
                 reader = pyclbr.readmodule_ex  # new version post 1.5.2
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/document.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/document.py
index 1e74e86a2b..ec27bccc66 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/document.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/document.py
@@ -158,15 +158,17 @@ def CheckExternalDocumentUpdated(self):
         except OSError as exc:
             if not self.bReportedFileNotFound:
                 print(
-                    "The file '%s' is open for editing, but\nchecking it for changes caused the error: %s"
-                    % (self.GetPathName(), exc.strerror)
+                    "The file '{}' is open for editing, but\nchecking it for changes caused the error: {}".format(
+                        self.GetPathName(), exc.strerror
+                    )
                 )
                 self.bReportedFileNotFound = 1
             return
         if self.bReportedFileNotFound:
             print(
-                "The file '%s' has re-appeared - continuing to watch for changes..."
-                % (self.GetPathName(),)
+                "The file '{}' has re-appeared - continuing to watch for changes...".format(
+                    self.GetPathName()
+                )
             )
             self.bReportedFileNotFound = (
                 0  # Once found again we want to start complaining.
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/vss.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/vss.py
index 718f83eea4..4a772acef2 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/vss.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/vss.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def CheckoutFile(fileName):
             if not database:
                 database = pythoncom.Missing
             g_sourceSafe.Open(database, pythoncom.Missing, pythoncom.Missing)
-        item = g_sourceSafe.VSSItem("$/%s/%s" % (project, vssFname))
+        item = g_sourceSafe.VSSItem(f"$/{project}/{vssFname}")
         item.Checkout(None, fileName)
         ok = 1
     except pythoncom.com_error as exc:
@@ -99,6 +99,6 @@ def CheckoutFile(fileName):
     except:
         typ, val, tb = sys.exc_info()
         traceback.print_exc()
-        win32ui.MessageBox("%s - %s" % (str(typ), str(val)), "Error checking out file")
+        win32ui.MessageBox(f"{str(typ)} - {str(val)}", "Error checking out file")
         tb = None  # Cleanup a cycle
     return ok
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/interact.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/interact.py
index ed3a7e0820..7c5d07a60e 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/interact.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/interact.py
@@ -325,11 +325,12 @@ def Init(self):
                 if win32ui.debug:
                     suffix = ", debug build"
                 sys.stderr.write(
-                    "PythonWin %s on %s%s.\n" % (sys.version, sys.platform, suffix)
+                    f"PythonWin {sys.version} on {sys.platform}{suffix}.\n"
                 )
                 sys.stderr.write(
-                    "Portions %s - see 'Help/About PythonWin' for further copyright information.\n"
-                    % (win32ui.copyright,)
+                    "Portions {} - see 'Help/About PythonWin' for further copyright information.\n".format(
+                        win32ui.copyright
+                    )
                 )
             else:
                 sys.stderr.write(banner)
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/intpyapp.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/intpyapp.py
index 48461dbab0..e70e7c09f0 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/intpyapp.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/intpyapp.py
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ def InitInstance(self):
             self.ddeServer = None
 
         win32ui.SetRegistryKey(
-            "Python %s" % (sys.winver,)
+            f"Python {sys.winver}"
         )  # MFC automatically puts the main frame caption on!
         app.CApp.InitInstance(self)
 
@@ -317,8 +317,9 @@ def ProcessArgs(self, args, dde=None):
                     # pywin.scintilla.document.CScintillaDocument.OnOpenDocument)
                     # segfaults Pythonwin on recent PY3 builds (b228)
                     win32ui.MessageBox(
-                        "No such file: %s\n\nCommand Line: %s"
-                        % (fname, win32api.GetCommandLine()),
+                        "No such file: {}\n\nCommand Line: {}".format(
+                            fname, win32api.GetCommandLine()
+                        ),
                         "Open file for edit",
                         win32con.MB_ICONERROR,
                     )
@@ -330,8 +331,9 @@ def ProcessArgs(self, args, dde=None):
             elif argType == "/rundlg":
                 if dde:
                     dde.Exec(
-                        "from pywin.framework import scriptutils;scriptutils.RunScript(%r, %r, 1)"
-                        % (par, " ".join(args[i + 1 :]))
+                        "from pywin.framework import scriptutils;scriptutils.RunScript({!r}, {!r}, 1)".format(
+                            par, " ".join(args[i + 1 :])
+                        )
                     )
                 else:
                     from . import scriptutils
@@ -341,8 +343,9 @@ def ProcessArgs(self, args, dde=None):
             elif argType == "/run":
                 if dde:
                     dde.Exec(
-                        "from pywin.framework import scriptutils;scriptutils.RunScript(%r, %r, 0)"
-                        % (par, " ".join(args[i + 1 :]))
+                        "from pywin.framework import scriptutils;scriptutils.RunScript({!r}, {!r}, 0)".format(
+                            par, " ".join(args[i + 1 :])
+                        )
                     )
                 else:
                     from . import scriptutils
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/mdi_pychecker.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/mdi_pychecker.py
index 06fbcc82b0..de43f349bc 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/mdi_pychecker.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/mdi_pychecker.py
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def OnNewDocument(self):
     def doSearch(self):
         self.dp = dirpath(self.dirpattern, self.recurse)
         self.SetTitle(
-            "Pychecker Run '%s' (options: %s)" % (self.filpattern, self.greppattern)
+            f"Pychecker Run '{self.filpattern}' (options: {self.greppattern})"
         )
         # self.text = []
         self.GetFirstView().Append(
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ def threadPycheckerRun(self):
                     "(or run 'setup.py install' if you have the source version)\n"
                 )
             else:
-                cmd = '%s "%s" %s %s 2>&1' % (py, pychecker, options, files)
+                cmd = f'{py} "{pychecker}" {options} {files} 2>&1'
                 ##fin,fout,ferr=os.popen3(cmd)
                 ##result=ferr.read()+fout.read()
                 result = os.popen(cmd).read()
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/scriptutils.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/scriptutils.py
index c6e8e32440..5fb6702f16 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/scriptutils.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/scriptutils.py
@@ -93,9 +93,7 @@ def IsOnPythonPath(path):
             if syspath and win32ui.FullPath(syspath) == path:
                 return 1
         except win32ui.error as details:
-            print(
-                "Warning: The sys.path entry '%s' is invalid\n%s" % (syspath, details)
-            )
+            print(f"Warning: The sys.path entry '{syspath}' is invalid\n{details}")
     return 0
 
 
@@ -398,7 +396,7 @@ def RunScript(defName=None, defArgs=None, bShowDialog=1, debuggingType=None):
         sys.path[0] = oldPath0
     f.close()
     if bWorked:
-        win32ui.SetStatusText("Script '%s' returned exit code %s" % (script, exitCode))
+        win32ui.SetStatusText(f"Script '{script}' returned exit code {exitCode}")
     else:
         win32ui.SetStatusText("Exception raised while running script  %s" % base)
     try:
@@ -506,7 +504,7 @@ def CheckFile():
     try:
         f = open(pathName)
     except OSError as details:
-        print("Cant open file '%s' - %s" % (pathName, details))
+        print(f"Cant open file '{pathName}' - {details}")
         return
     try:
         code = f.read() + "\n"
@@ -641,9 +639,7 @@ def FindTabNanny():
     try:
         os.stat(fname)
     except OSError:
-        print(
-            "WARNING - The file '%s' can not be located in path '%s'" % (filename, path)
-        )
+        print(f"WARNING - The file '{filename}' can not be located in path '{path}'")
         return None
 
     tabnannyhome, tabnannybase = os.path.split(fname)
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/sgrepmdi.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/sgrepmdi.py
index 16bff7fa8a..1c0d6339c4 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/sgrepmdi.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/sgrepmdi.py
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ def OnNewDocument(self):
 
     def doSearch(self):
         self.dp = dirpath(self.dirpattern, self.recurse)
-        self.SetTitle("Grep for %s in %s" % (self.greppattern, self.filpattern))
+        self.SetTitle(f"Grep for {self.greppattern} in {self.filpattern}")
         # self.text = []
         self.GetFirstView().Append("#Search " + self.dirpattern + "\n")
         if self.verbose:
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/idle/CallTips.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/idle/CallTips.py
index cecc760a14..810d8c8818 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/idle/CallTips.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/idle/CallTips.py
@@ -208,8 +208,7 @@ def test(tests):
             if get_arg_text(t) != expected:
                 failed.append(t)
                 print(
-                    "%s - expected %s, but got %s"
-                    % (t, repr(expected), repr(get_arg_text(t)))
+                    f"{t} - expected {repr(expected)}, but got {repr(get_arg_text(t))}"
                 )
         print("%d of %d tests failed" % (len(failed), len(tests)))
 
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/idle/PyParse.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/idle/PyParse.py
index b11b4744e9..c772f72d8b 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/idle/PyParse.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/idle/PyParse.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def __init__(self, indentwidth, tabwidth):
         self.tabwidth = tabwidth
 
     def set_str(self, str):
-        assert len(str) == 0 or str[-1] == "\n", "Oops - have str %r" % (str,)
+        assert len(str) == 0 or str[-1] == "\n", f"Oops - have str {str!r}"
         self.str = str
         self.study_level = 0
 
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/IDLEenvironment.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/IDLEenvironment.py
index b1db509316..f60f19de36 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/IDLEenvironment.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/IDLEenvironment.py
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ def GetIDLEModule(module):
         __import__(modname)
     except ImportError as details:
         msg = (
-            "The IDLE extension '%s' can not be located.\r\n\r\n"
+            f"The IDLE extension '{module}' can not be located.\r\n\r\n"
             "Please correct the installation and restart the"
-            " application.\r\n\r\n%s" % (module, details)
+            f" application.\r\n\r\n{details}"
         )
         win32ui.MessageBox(msg)
         return None
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def IDLEExtension(self, extension):
         # Find and bind all the events defined in the extension.
         events = [item for item in dir(klass) if item[-6:] == "_event"]
         for event in events:
-            name = "<<%s>>" % (event[:-6].replace("_", "-"),)
+            name = "<<{}>>".format(event[:-6].replace("_", "-"))
             self.edit.bindings.bind(name, getattr(ext, event))
         return ext
 
@@ -133,11 +133,9 @@ def askinteger(
             except ValueError:
                 err = "Please enter an integer"
             if not err and minvalue is not None and rc < minvalue:
-                err = "Please enter an integer greater then or equal to %s" % (
-                    minvalue,
-                )
+                err = f"Please enter an integer greater then or equal to {minvalue}"
             if not err and maxvalue is not None and rc > maxvalue:
-                err = "Please enter an integer less then or equal to %s" % (maxvalue,)
+                err = f"Please enter an integer less then or equal to {maxvalue}"
             if err:
                 win32ui.MessageBox(err, caption, win32con.MB_OK)
                 continue
@@ -519,8 +517,9 @@ def TestGet(fr, to, t, expected):
     got = t.get(fr, to)
     if got != expected:
         print(
-            "ERROR: get(%s, %s) expected %s, but got %s"
-            % (repr(fr), repr(to), repr(expected), repr(got))
+            "ERROR: get({}, {}) expected {}, but got {}".format(
+                repr(fr), repr(to), repr(expected), repr(got)
+            )
         )
 
 
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/bindings.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/bindings.py
index 785bd42a13..44644bdfc8 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/bindings.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/bindings.py
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def _get_IDLE_handler(self, ext, handler):
             name = handler.replace("-", "_") + "_event"
             return getattr(instance, name)
         except (ImportError, AttributeError):
-            msg = "Can not find event '%s' in IDLE extension '%s'" % (handler, ext)
+            msg = f"Can not find event '{handler}' in IDLE extension '{ext}'"
             self.report_error(msg)
             return None
 
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/config.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/config.py
index 1dc4b38034..f6916a7331 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/config.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/config.py
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def __init__(self, f):
                 line, lineno = self._load_general(subsection, fp, lineno)
             else:
                 self.report_error(
-                    "Unrecognised section header '%s:%s'" % (section, subsection)
+                    f"Unrecognised section header '{section}:{subsection}'"
                 )
                 line = fp.readline()
                 lineno = lineno + 1
@@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ def get_key_binding(self, event, subsections=None):
 
     def report_error(self, msg):
         self.last_error = msg
-        print("Error in %s: %s" % (self.filename, msg))
+        print(f"Error in {self.filename}: {msg}")
 
     def report_warning(self, msg):
-        print("Warning in %s: %s" % (self.filename, msg))
+        print(f"Warning in {self.filename}: {msg}")
 
     def _readline(self, fp, lineno, bStripComments=1):
         line = fp.readline()
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ def test():
     cm = ConfigManager(f)
     map = cm.get_data("keys")
     took = time.clock() - start
-    print("Loaded %s items in %.4f secs" % (len(map), took))
+    print(f"Loaded {len(map)} items in {took:.4f} secs")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/control.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/control.py
index 9923489b8a..5430e65d35 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/control.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/control.py
@@ -455,10 +455,7 @@ def LineFromChar(self, charPos=-1):
             charPos = self.GetSel()[0]
         assert (
             charPos >= 0 and charPos <= self.GetTextLength()
-        ), "The charPos postion (%s) is invalid (max=%s)" % (
-            charPos,
-            self.GetTextLength(),
-        )
+        ), f"The charPos postion ({charPos}) is invalid (max={self.GetTextLength()})"
         # return self.SendScintilla(EM_EXLINEFROMCHAR, charPos)
         # EM_EXLINEFROMCHAR puts charPos in lParam, not wParam
         return self.SendScintilla(EM_EXLINEFROMCHAR, 0, charPos)
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/keycodes.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/keycodes.py
index badcef3e70..fa896991a2 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/keycodes.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/keycodes.py
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ def test1():
 
 def _pkn(n):
     vk, flags = parse_key_name(n)
-    print("%s -> %s,%s -> %s" % (n, vk, flags, make_key_name(vk, flags)))
+    print(f"{n} -> {vk},{flags} -> {make_key_name(vk, flags)}")
 
 
 def test2():
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/view.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/view.py
index 910161bad4..305c9904d3 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/view.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/view.py
@@ -332,8 +332,9 @@ def AppendMenu(self, menu, text="", event=None, flags=None, checked=0):
             if cmdid is None:
                 # No event of that name - no point displaying it.
                 print(
-                    'View.AppendMenu(): Unknown event "%s" specified for menu text "%s" - ignored'
-                    % (event, text)
+                    'View.AppendMenu(): Unknown event "{}" specified for menu text "{}" - ignored'.format(
+                        event, text
+                    )
                 )
                 return
             keyname = configManager.get_key_binding(event, self._GetSubConfigNames())
@@ -509,8 +510,9 @@ def list2dict(l):
                         pass
             except:
                 win32ui.SetStatusText(
-                    "Error attempting to get object attributes - %s"
-                    % (repr(sys.exc_info()[0]),)
+                    "Error attempting to get object attributes - {}".format(
+                        repr(sys.exc_info()[0])
+                    )
                 )
 
         # ensure all keys are strings.
@@ -811,7 +813,7 @@ def LoadConfiguration():
     configManager = ConfigManager(configName)
     if configManager.last_error:
         bTryDefault = 0
-        msg = "Error loading configuration '%s'\n\n%s" % (
+        msg = "Error loading configuration '{}'\n\n{}".format(
             configName,
             configManager.last_error,
         )
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/test/test_exe.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/test/test_exe.py
index 0d77ea3327..6e59bc3967 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/test/test_exe.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/test/test_exe.py
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ def setUp(self):
             # XXX Pythonwin.exe / win32uihostglue.h could be improved to search
             # the Python DLL itself via registry when local / relative search fails.
 
-            pydll = "Python%s%s.dll" % sys.version_info[:2]  # same for 32bit
+            pydll = "Python{}{}.dll".format(*sys.version_info[:2])  # same for 32bit
             src = os.path.dirname(sys.executable) + os.sep + pydll
             dst = os.path.dirname(pythonwinexe_path) + os.sep + pydll
             if not os.path.isfile(dst):
                 try:
                     assert os.path.isfile(src)
-                    print("-- symlink %r -> %r" % (dst, src), file=sys.stderr)
+                    print(f"-- symlink {dst!r} -> {src!r}", file=sys.stderr)
                     os.symlink(src, dst)
                 except (OSError, AssertionError) as e:
-                    print("-- cannot make symlink %r: %r" % (dst, e), file=sys.stderr)
-        print("-- Starting: %r in %r" % (cmd, wd), file=sys.stderr)
+                    print(f"-- cannot make symlink {dst!r}: {e!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"-- Starting: {cmd!r} in {wd!r}", file=sys.stderr)
         self.p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, cwd=wd)
 
     def test_exe(self):
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def test_exe(self):
             rc = "TIMEOUT"
         with open(self.tfn) as f:
             outs = f.read()
-        assert rc == 0, "rc is %r, outs=%r" % (rc, outs)
+        assert rc == 0, f"rc is {rc!r}, outs={outs!r}"
         assert "Success!" in outs, outs
         print("-- test_exe Ok! --", file=sys.stderr)
 
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/test/test_pywin.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/test/test_pywin.py
index 02cdcaca8e..14b4430e24 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/test/test_pywin.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/test/test_pywin.py
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def test_1_pydocs_and_finddlg(self):
         scriptutils.JumpToDocument(__file__)
         if user_interaction:
             win32ui.MessageBox(
-                "Hello from test_pydocs() args=%s %s" % (sys.argv, os.getcwd())
+                f"Hello from test_pydocs() args={sys.argv} {os.getcwd()}"
             )
         v = scriptutils.GetActiveEditControl()
         assert file_abs == v.GetDocument().GetPathName()
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browseProjects.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browseProjects.py
index e3255579a1..1a420b5f18 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browseProjects.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browseProjects.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def TakeDefaultAction(self):
 
     def PerformItemSelected(self):
         if self.file is None:
-            msg = "%s - source can not be located." % (self.name,)
+            msg = f"{self.name} - source can not be located."
         else:
             msg = "%s defined at line %d of %s" % (self.name, self.lineno, self.file)
         win32ui.SetStatusText(msg)
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def GetSubList(self):
                 ret.sort()
                 return ret
             else:
-                return [HLIErrorItem("No Python classes%s in module." % (extra_msg,))]
+                return [HLIErrorItem(f"No Python classes{extra_msg} in module.")]
         finally:
             win32ui.DoWaitCursor(0)
             win32ui.SetStatusText(win32ui.LoadString(afxres.AFX_IDS_IDLEMESSAGE))
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browser.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browser.py
index 6dfe3a24fa..5422b5fb65 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browser.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browser.py
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ def OnInitDialog(self):
             strval = str(self.object)
         except:
             t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
-            strval = "Exception getting object value\n\n%s:%s" % (t, v)
+            strval = f"Exception getting object value\n\n{t}:{v}"
             tb = None
         strval = re.sub(r"\n", "\r\n", strval)
         self.edit.ReplaceSel(strval)
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/hierlist.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/hierlist.py
index 4f27da9a91..a7dd4c72eb 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/hierlist.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/hierlist.py
@@ -97,9 +97,10 @@ def HierInit(self, parent, listControl=None):  # Used when window first exists.
         else:
             self.listControl = listControl
             lbid = listControl.GetDlgCtrlID()
-            assert self.listBoxId is None or self.listBoxId == lbid, (
-                "An invalid listbox control ID has been specified (specified as %s, but exists as %s)"
-                % (self.listBoxId, lbid)
+            assert (
+                self.listBoxId is None or self.listBoxId == lbid
+            ), "An invalid listbox control ID has been specified (specified as {}, but exists as {})".format(
+                self.listBoxId, lbid
             )
             self.listBoxId = lbid
         self.listControl.SetImageList(self.imageList, commctrl.LVSIL_NORMAL)
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/regedit.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/regedit.py
index b94d3050fb..14e1e43c98 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/regedit.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/regedit.py
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def OnItemRightClick(self, notify_data, extra):
     def OnDeleteKey(self, command, code):
         hitem = self.hierList.GetSelectedItem()
         item = self.hierList.ItemFromHandle(hitem)
-        msg = "Are you sure you wish to delete the key '%s'?" % (item.keyName,)
+        msg = f"Are you sure you wish to delete the key '{item.keyName}'?"
         id = win32ui.MessageBox(msg, None, win32con.MB_YESNO)
         if id != win32con.IDYES:
             return
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
         )
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<%s with root=%s, key=%s>" % (
+        return "<{} with root={}, key={}>".format(
             self.__class__.__name__,
             self.keyRoot,
             self.keyName,
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/__init__.py b/com/win32com/client/__init__.py
index 6e23e70540..9a74a4defc 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/__init__.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/__init__.py
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ def CastTo(ob, target, typelib=None):
         )
         if not hasattr(mod, target):
             raise ValueError(
-                "The interface name '%s' does not appear in the "
-                "specified library %r" % (target, typelib.ver_desc)
+                f"The interface name '{target}' does not appear in the "
+                f"specified library {typelib.ver_desc!r}"
             )
 
     elif hasattr(target, "index"):  # string like
@@ -207,8 +207,8 @@ def CastTo(ob, target, typelib=None):
         target_clsid = mod.NamesToIIDMap.get(target)
         if target_clsid is None:
             raise ValueError(
-                "The interface name '%s' does not appear in the "
-                "same library as object '%r'" % (target, ob)
+                f"The interface name '{target}' does not appear in the "
+                f"same library as object '{ob!r}'"
             )
         mod = gencache.GetModuleForCLSID(target_clsid)
     if mod is not None:
@@ -489,9 +489,7 @@ def Record(name, object):
     try:
         struct_guid = package.RecordMap[name]
     except KeyError:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "The structure '%s' is not defined in module '%s'" % (name, package)
-        )
+        raise ValueError(f"The structure '{name}' is not defined in module '{package}'")
     return pythoncom.GetRecordFromGuids(
         module.CLSID, module.MajorVersion, module.MinorVersion, module.LCID, struct_guid
     )
@@ -544,11 +542,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
                 mod_name = sys.modules[self.__class__.__module__].__name__
         except KeyError:
             mod_name = "win32com.gen_py.unknown"
-        return "<%s.%s instance at 0x%s>" % (
-            mod_name,
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            id(self),
-        )
+        return f"<{mod_name}.{self.__class__.__name__} instance at 0x{id(self)}>"
 
     # Delegate comparison to the oleobjs, as they know how to do identity.
     def __eq__(self, other):
@@ -569,9 +563,7 @@ def _ApplyTypes_(self, dispid, wFlags, retType, argTypes, user, resultCLSID, *ar
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
         args = self._prop_map_get_.get(attr)
         if args is None:
-            raise AttributeError(
-                "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (repr(self), attr)
-            )
+            raise AttributeError(f"'{repr(self)}' object has no attribute '{attr}'")
         return self._ApplyTypes_(*args)
 
     def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
@@ -581,9 +573,7 @@ def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
         try:
             args, defArgs = self._prop_map_put_[attr]
         except KeyError:
-            raise AttributeError(
-                "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (repr(self), attr)
-            )
+            raise AttributeError(f"'{repr(self)}' object has no attribute '{attr}'")
         self._oleobj_.Invoke(*(args + (value,) + defArgs))
 
     def _get_good_single_object_(self, obj, obUserName=None, resultCLSID=None):
@@ -629,7 +619,7 @@ def __init__(self, oobj=None):
                 setattr(self, maybe, getattr(self, "__maybe" + maybe))
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<win32com.gen_py.%s.%s>" % (__doc__, self.__class__.__name__)
+        return f"<win32com.gen_py.{__doc__}.{self.__class__.__name__}>"
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
         d = self.__dict__["_dispobj_"]
@@ -701,4 +691,4 @@ def _del_value(self):
     value = property(_get_value, _set_value, _del_value)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "win32com.client.VARIANT(%r, %r)" % (self.varianttype, self._value)
+        return f"win32com.client.VARIANT({self.varianttype!r}, {self._value!r})"
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/build.py b/com/win32com/client/build.py
index 84dacb566a..1035ecdff9 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/build.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/build.py
@@ -427,27 +427,31 @@ def MakeDispatchFuncMethod(self, entry, name, bMakeClass=1):
                     repr(argsDesc),
                     _BuildArgList(fdesc, names),
                 )
-                s = s + "%s\tif ret is not None:\n" % (linePrefix,)
+                s = s + f"{linePrefix}\tif ret is not None:\n"
                 if rd == pythoncom.VT_UNKNOWN:
-                    s = s + "%s\t\t# See if this IUnknown is really an IDispatch\n" % (
-                        linePrefix,
+                    s = (
+                        s
+                        + "{}\t\t# See if this IUnknown is really an IDispatch\n".format(
+                            linePrefix,
+                        )
                     )
-                    s = s + "%s\t\ttry:\n" % (linePrefix,)
+                    s = s + f"{linePrefix}\t\ttry:\n"
                     s = (
                         s
-                        + "%s\t\t\tret = ret.QueryInterface(pythoncom.IID_IDispatch)\n"
-                        % (linePrefix,)
+                        + "{}\t\t\tret = ret.QueryInterface(pythoncom.IID_IDispatch)\n".format(
+                            linePrefix
+                        )
                     )
-                    s = s + "%s\t\texcept pythoncom.error:\n" % (linePrefix,)
-                    s = s + "%s\t\t\treturn ret\n" % (linePrefix,)
-                s = s + "%s\t\tret = Dispatch(ret, %s, %s)\n" % (
+                    s = s + f"{linePrefix}\t\texcept pythoncom.error:\n"
+                    s = s + f"{linePrefix}\t\t\treturn ret\n"
+                s = s + "{}\t\tret = Dispatch(ret, {}, {})\n".format(
                     linePrefix,
                     repr(name),
                     resclsid,
                 )
                 s = s + "%s\treturn ret" % (linePrefix)
             elif rd == pythoncom.VT_BSTR:
-                s = "%s\t# Result is a Unicode object\n" % (linePrefix,)
+                s = f"{linePrefix}\t# Result is a Unicode object\n"
                 s = (
                     s
                     + "%s\treturn self._oleobj_.InvokeTypes(%d, LCID, %s, %s, %s%s)"
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/combrowse.py b/com/win32com/client/combrowse.py
index 6e1e836240..18576251ee 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/combrowse.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/combrowse.py
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def GetSubList(self):
         collected = []
         helpPath = ""
         key = win32api.RegOpenKey(
-            win32con.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "TypeLib\\%s\\%s" % (clsidstr, versionStr)
+            win32con.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, f"TypeLib\\{clsidstr}\\{versionStr}"
         )
         win32ui.DoWaitCursor(1)
         try:
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ def MakeReturnTypeName(self, typ):
             typname = "?Bad type?"
         for flag, desc in self.type_flags:
             if flag & typ:
-                typname = "%s(%s)" % (desc, typname)
+                typname = f"{desc}({typname})"
         return typname
 
     def MakeReturnType(self, returnTypeDesc):
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ def GetSubList(self):
             if flags:
                 val = "%s (Flags=%d)" % (val, flags)
             if default is not None:
-                val = "%s (Default=%s)" % (val, default)
+                val = f"{val} (Default={default})"
             ret.append(browser.MakeHLI(val, "Argument"))
 
         try:
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/dynamic.py b/com/win32com/client/dynamic.py
index 449ad928fd..dc938e8cbe 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/dynamic.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/dynamic.py
@@ -469,13 +469,13 @@ def _print_details_(self):
                 print("\t", method)
             print("Props:")
             for prop, entry in self._olerepr_.propMap.items():
-                print("\t%s = 0x%x - %s" % (prop, entry.dispid, repr(entry)))
+                print(f"\t{prop} = 0x{entry.dispid:x} - {repr(entry)}")
             print("Get Props:")
             for prop, entry in self._olerepr_.propMapGet.items():
-                print("\t%s = 0x%x - %s" % (prop, entry.dispid, repr(entry)))
+                print(f"\t{prop} = 0x{entry.dispid:x} - {repr(entry)}")
             print("Put Props:")
             for prop, entry in self._olerepr_.propMapPut.items():
-                print("\t%s = 0x%x - %s" % (prop, entry.dispid, repr(entry)))
+                print(f"\t{prop} = 0x{entry.dispid:x} - {repr(entry)}")
         except:
             traceback.print_exc()
 
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ def __LazyMap__(self, attr):
         try:
             if self._LazyAddAttr_(attr):
                 debug_attr_print(
-                    "%s.__LazyMap__(%s) added something" % (self._username_, attr)
+                    f"{self._username_}.__LazyMap__({attr}) added something"
                 )
                 return 1
         except AttributeError:
@@ -543,8 +543,9 @@ def _FlagAsMethod(self, *methodNames):
 
     def __AttrToID__(self, attr):
         debug_attr_print(
-            "Calling GetIDsOfNames for property %s in Dispatch container %s"
-            % (attr, self._username_)
+            "Calling GetIDsOfNames for property {} in Dispatch container {}".format(
+                attr, self._username_
+            )
         )
         return self._oleobj_.GetIDsOfNames(0, attr)
 
@@ -635,7 +636,7 @@ def __call__(self):
             return self._get_good_object_(ret)
 
         # no where else to look.
-        raise AttributeError("%s.%s" % (self._username_, attr))
+        raise AttributeError(f"{self._username_}.{attr}")
 
     def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
         if (
@@ -647,8 +648,9 @@ def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
             return
         # Allow property assignment.
         debug_attr_print(
-            "SetAttr called for %s.%s=%s on DispatchContainer"
-            % (self._username_, attr, repr(value))
+            "SetAttr called for {}.{}={} on DispatchContainer".format(
+                self._username_, attr, repr(value)
+            )
         )
 
         if self._olerepr_:
@@ -697,12 +699,11 @@ def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
                     self._oleobj_.Invoke(entry.dispid, 0, invoke_type, 0, value)
                     self._olerepr_.propMap[attr] = entry
                     debug_attr_print(
-                        "__setattr__ property %s (id=0x%x) in Dispatch container %s"
-                        % (attr, entry.dispid, self._username_)
+                        "__setattr__ property {} (id=0x{:x}) in Dispatch container {}".format(
+                            attr, entry.dispid, self._username_
+                        )
                     )
                     return
                 except pythoncom.com_error:
                     pass
-        raise AttributeError(
-            "Property '%s.%s' can not be set." % (self._username_, attr)
-        )
+        raise AttributeError(f"Property '{self._username_}.{attr}' can not be set.")
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/gencache.py b/com/win32com/client/gencache.py
index 1d9ca3300d..debe796213 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/gencache.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/gencache.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def GetGeneratedFileName(clsid, lcid, major, minor):
     """Given the clsid, lcid, major and  minor for a type lib, return
     the file name (no extension) providing this support.
     """
-    return str(clsid).upper()[1:-1] + "x%sx%sx%s" % (lcid, major, minor)
+    return str(clsid).upper()[1:-1] + f"x{lcid}x{major}x{minor}"
 
 
 def SplitGeneratedFileName(fname):
@@ -409,8 +409,9 @@ def ForgetAboutTypelibInterface(typelib_ob):
     except KeyError:
         # Not worth raising an exception - maybe they dont know we only remember for demand generated, etc.
         print(
-            "ForgetAboutTypelibInterface:: Warning - type library with info %s is not being remembered!"
-            % (info,)
+            "ForgetAboutTypelibInterface:: Warning - type library with info {} is not being remembered!".format(
+                info
+            )
         )
     # and drop any version redirects to it
     for key, val in list(versionRedirectMap.items()):
@@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ def EnsureModule(
                 bValidateFile = 0
         if module is not None and bValidateFile:
             assert not is_readonly, "Can't validate in a read-only gencache"
-            filePathPrefix = "%s\\%s" % (
+            filePathPrefix = "{}\\{}".format(
                 GetGeneratePath(),
                 GetGeneratedFileName(typelibCLSID, lcid, major, minor),
             )
@@ -543,7 +544,7 @@ def EnsureModule(
                 bReloadNeeded = 1
             else:
                 minor = module.MinorVersion
-                filePathPrefix = "%s\\%s" % (
+                filePathPrefix = "{}\\{}".format(
                     GetGeneratePath(),
                     GetGeneratedFileName(typelibCLSID, lcid, major, minor),
                 )
@@ -741,8 +742,9 @@ def Rebuild(verbose=1):
             AddModuleToCache(iid, lcid, major, minor, verbose, 0)
         except:
             print(
-                "Could not add module %s - %s: %s"
-                % (info, sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1])
+                "Could not add module {} - {}: {}".format(
+                    info, sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1]
+                )
             )
     if verbose and len(infos):  # Dont bother reporting this when directory is empty!
         print("Done.")
@@ -757,7 +759,7 @@ def _Dump():
         d[typelibCLSID, lcid, major, minor] = None
     for typelibCLSID, lcid, major, minor in d.keys():
         mod = GetModuleForTypelib(typelibCLSID, lcid, major, minor)
-        print("%s - %s" % (mod.__doc__, typelibCLSID))
+        print(f"{mod.__doc__} - {typelibCLSID}")
 
 
 # Boot up
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/genpy.py b/com/win32com/client/genpy.py
index 96997d3a29..739f3ddd00 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/genpy.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/genpy.py
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ def WriteAliasItem(self, aliasDict, stream):
             if isinstance(ai, int):
                 try:
                     typeStr = mapVTToTypeString[ai]
-                    print("# %s=%s" % (self.doc[0], typeStr), file=stream)
+                    print(f"# {self.doc[0]}={typeStr}", file=stream)
                 except KeyError:
                     print(
                         self.doc[0] + " = None # Can't convert alias info " + str(ai),
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ def WriteVTableMap(self, generator):
             "%s_vtables_dispatch_ = %d" % (self.python_name, self.bIsDispatch),
             file=stream,
         )
-        print("%s_vtables_ = [" % (self.python_name,), file=stream)
+        print(f"{self.python_name}_vtables_ = [", file=stream)
         for v in self.vtableFuncs:
             names, dispid, desc = v
             assert desc.desckind == pythoncom.DESCKIND_FUNCDESC
@@ -507,8 +507,7 @@ def WriteClassBody(self, generator):
                 resultName = entry.GetResultName()
                 if resultName:
                     print(
-                        "\t\t# Property '%s' is an object of type '%s'"
-                        % (key, resultName),
+                        f"\t\t# Property '{key}' is an object of type '{resultName}'",
                         file=stream,
                     )
                 lkey = key.lower()
@@ -544,7 +543,7 @@ def WriteClassBody(self, generator):
                         continue
 
                 print(
-                    '\t\t"%s": %s,' % (build.MakePublicAttributeName(key), mapEntry),
+                    f'\t\t"{build.MakePublicAttributeName(key)}": {mapEntry},',
                     file=stream,
                 )
         names = list(self.propMapGet.keys())
@@ -554,8 +553,9 @@ def WriteClassBody(self, generator):
             if generator.bBuildHidden or not entry.hidden:
                 if entry.GetResultName():
                     print(
-                        "\t\t# Method '%s' returns object of type '%s'"
-                        % (key, entry.GetResultName()),
+                        "\t\t# Method '{}' returns object of type '{}'".format(
+                            key, entry.GetResultName()
+                        ),
                         file=stream,
                     )
                 details = entry.desc
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ def WriteClassBody(self, generator):
                     if details.memid == pythoncom.DISPID_NEWENUM:
                         continue
                 print(
-                    '\t\t"%s": %s,' % (build.MakePublicAttributeName(key), mapEntry),
+                    f'\t\t"{build.MakePublicAttributeName(key)}": {mapEntry},',
                     file=stream,
                 )
 
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ def WriteClassBody(self, generator):
                     % propArgs
                 ]
             print(
-                "\t# Default %s for this class is '%s'" % (typename, entry.names[0]),
+                f"\t# Default {typename} for this class is '{entry.names[0]}'",
                 file=stream,
             )
             for line in ret:
@@ -772,12 +772,11 @@ def WriteClass(self, generator):
             print("import sys", file=stream)
             for ref in referenced_items:
                 print(
-                    "__import__('%s.%s')" % (generator.base_mod_name, ref.python_name),
+                    f"__import__('{generator.base_mod_name}.{ref.python_name}')",
                     file=stream,
                 )
                 print(
-                    "%s = sys.modules['%s.%s'].%s"
-                    % (
+                    "{} = sys.modules['{}.{}'].{}".format(
                         ref.python_name,
                         generator.base_mod_name,
                         ref.python_name,
@@ -797,7 +796,7 @@ def WriteClass(self, generator):
         )
         if doc and doc[1]:
             print("\t# " + doc[1], file=stream)
-        print("\tCLSID = %r" % (self.clsid,), file=stream)
+        print(f"\tCLSID = {self.clsid!r}", file=stream)
         print("\tcoclass_sources = [", file=stream)
         defItem = None
         for item, flag in self.sources:
@@ -816,7 +815,7 @@ def WriteClass(self, generator):
                 defName = defItem.python_name
             else:
                 defName = repr(str(defItem.clsid))  # really the iid.
-            print("\tdefault_source = %s" % (defName,), file=stream)
+            print(f"\tdefault_source = {defName}", file=stream)
         print("\tcoclass_interfaces = [", file=stream)
         defItem = None
         for item, flag in self.interfaces:
@@ -827,14 +826,14 @@ def WriteClass(self, generator):
                 key = item.python_name
             else:
                 key = repr(str(item.clsid))  # really the iid.
-            print("\t\t%s," % (key,), file=stream)
+            print(f"\t\t{key},", file=stream)
         print("\t]", file=stream)
         if defItem:
             if defItem.bWritten:
                 defName = defItem.python_name
             else:
                 defName = repr(str(defItem.clsid))  # really the iid.
-            print("\tdefault_interface = %s" % (defName,), file=stream)
+            print(f"\tdefault_interface = {defName}", file=stream)
         self.bWritten = 1
         print(file=stream)
 
@@ -1100,14 +1099,15 @@ def do_gen_file_header(self):
         assert self.file.encoding, self.file
         encoding = self.file.encoding  # or "mbcs"
 
-        print("# -*- coding: %s -*-" % (encoding,), file=self.file)
-        print("# Created by makepy.py version %s" % (makepy_version,), file=self.file)
+        print(f"# -*- coding: {encoding} -*-", file=self.file)
+        print(f"# Created by makepy.py version {makepy_version}", file=self.file)
         print(
-            "# By python version %s" % (sys.version.replace("\n", "-"),), file=self.file
+            "# By python version {}".format(sys.version.replace("\n", "-")),
+            file=self.file,
         )
         if self.sourceFilename:
             print(
-                "# From type library '%s'" % (os.path.split(self.sourceFilename)[1],),
+                f"# From type library '{os.path.split(self.sourceFilename)[1]}'",
                 file=self.file,
             )
         print("# On %s" % time.ctime(time.time()), file=self.file)
@@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ def do_gen_file_header(self):
         print(build._makeDocString(docDesc), file=self.file)
 
         print("makepy_version =", repr(makepy_version), file=self.file)
-        print("python_version = 0x%x" % (sys.hexversion,), file=self.file)
+        print(f"python_version = 0x{sys.hexversion:x}", file=self.file)
         print(file=self.file)
         print(
             "import win32com.client.CLSIDToClass, pythoncom, pywintypes", file=self.file
@@ -1192,13 +1192,14 @@ def do_generate(self):
         for record in recordItems.values():
             if record.clsid == pythoncom.IID_NULL:
                 print(
-                    "\t###%s: %s, # Record disabled because it doesn't have a non-null GUID"
-                    % (repr(record.doc[0]), repr(str(record.clsid))),
+                    "\t###{}: {}, # Record disabled because it doesn't have a non-null GUID".format(
+                        repr(record.doc[0]), repr(str(record.clsid))
+                    ),
                     file=stream,
                 )
             else:
                 print(
-                    "\t%s: %s," % (repr(record.doc[0]), repr(str(record.clsid))),
+                    f"\t{repr(record.doc[0])}: {repr(str(record.clsid))},",
                     file=stream,
                 )
         print("}", file=stream)
@@ -1210,7 +1211,7 @@ def do_generate(self):
             for item in oleItems.values():
                 if item is not None and item.bWritten:
                     print(
-                        "\t'%s' : %s," % (str(item.clsid), item.python_name),
+                        f"\t'{str(item.clsid)}' : {item.python_name},",
                         file=stream,
                     )
             print("}", file=stream)
@@ -1222,7 +1223,7 @@ def do_generate(self):
             print("VTablesToPackageMap = {}", file=stream)
             print("VTablesToClassMap = {", file=stream)
             for item in vtableItems.values():
-                print("\t'%s' : '%s'," % (item.clsid, item.python_name), file=stream)
+                print(f"\t'{item.clsid}' : '{item.python_name}',", file=stream)
             print("}", file=stream)
             print(file=stream)
 
@@ -1232,14 +1233,14 @@ def do_generate(self):
             for item in oleItems.values():
                 if item is not None:
                     print(
-                        "\t'%s' : %s," % (str(item.clsid), repr(item.python_name)),
+                        f"\t'{str(item.clsid)}' : {repr(item.python_name)},",
                         file=stream,
                     )
             print("}", file=stream)
             print("VTablesToClassMap = {}", file=stream)
             print("VTablesToPackageMap = {", file=stream)
             for item in vtableItems.values():
-                print("\t'%s' : '%s'," % (item.clsid, item.python_name), file=stream)
+                print(f"\t'{item.clsid}' : '{item.python_name}',", file=stream)
             print("}", file=stream)
             print(file=stream)
 
@@ -1254,7 +1255,7 @@ def do_generate(self):
 
         print("NamesToIIDMap = {", file=stream)
         for name, iid in map.items():
-            print("\t'%s' : '%s'," % (name, iid), file=stream)
+            print(f"\t'{name}' : '{iid}',", file=stream)
         print("}", file=stream)
         print(file=stream)
 
@@ -1275,7 +1276,7 @@ def generate_child(self, child, dir):
         major = la[3]
         minor = la[4]
         self.base_mod_name = (
-            "win32com.gen_py." + str(clsid)[1:-1] + "x%sx%sx%s" % (lcid, major, minor)
+            "win32com.gen_py." + str(clsid)[1:-1] + f"x{lcid}x{major}x{minor}"
         )
         try:
             # Process the type library's CoClass objects, looking for the
@@ -1327,9 +1328,7 @@ def generate_child(self, child, dir):
 
             assert (
                 found
-            ), "Cant find the '%s' interface in the CoClasses, or the interfaces" % (
-                child,
-            )
+            ), f"Cant find the '{child}' interface in the CoClasses, or the interfaces"
             # Make a map of iid: dispitem, vtableitem)
             items = {}
             for key, value in oleItems.items():
@@ -1375,8 +1374,9 @@ def do_gen_child_item(self, oleitem):
         oleitem.WriteClass(self)
         if oleitem.bWritten:
             print(
-                'win32com.client.CLSIDToClass.RegisterCLSID( "%s", %s )'
-                % (oleitem.clsid, oleitem.python_name),
+                'win32com.client.CLSIDToClass.RegisterCLSID( "{}", {} )'.format(
+                    oleitem.clsid, oleitem.python_name
+                ),
                 file=self.file,
             )
 
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/makepy.py b/com/win32com/client/makepy.py
index bb1bf4e07a..5bcea6c830 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/makepy.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/makepy.py
@@ -105,14 +105,16 @@ def ShowInfo(spec):
                 desc = tlb.GetDocumentation(-1)[0]
         print(desc)
         print(
-            " %s, lcid=%s, major=%s, minor=%s"
-            % (tlbSpec.clsid, tlbSpec.lcid, tlbSpec.major, tlbSpec.minor)
+            " {}, lcid={}, major={}, minor={}".format(
+                tlbSpec.clsid, tlbSpec.lcid, tlbSpec.major, tlbSpec.minor
+            )
         )
         print(" >>> # Use these commands in Python code to auto generate .py support")
         print(" >>> from win32com.client import gencache")
         print(
-            " >>> gencache.EnsureModule('%s', %s, %s, %s)"
-            % (tlbSpec.clsid, tlbSpec.lcid, tlbSpec.major, tlbSpec.minor)
+            " >>> gencache.EnsureModule('{}', {}, {}, {})".format(
+                tlbSpec.clsid, tlbSpec.lcid, tlbSpec.major, tlbSpec.minor
+            )
         )
 
 
@@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ def GetTypeLibsForSpec(arg):
         return typelibs
     except pythoncom.com_error:
         t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
-        sys.stderr.write("Unable to load type library from '%s' - %s\n" % (arg, v))
+        sys.stderr.write(f"Unable to load type library from '{arg}' - {v}\n")
         tb = None  # Storing tb in a local is a cycle!
         sys.exit(1)
 
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/selecttlb.py b/com/win32com/client/selecttlb.py
index 1337bc468b..56197128f5 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/selecttlb.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/selecttlb.py
@@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ def EnumTlbs(excludeFlags=0):
                         continue
                     # Check for both "{lcid}\win32" and "{lcid}\win64" keys.
                     try:
-                        key4 = win32api.RegOpenKey(key3, "%s\\win32" % (lcid,))
+                        key4 = win32api.RegOpenKey(key3, f"{lcid}\\win32")
                     except win32api.error:
                         try:
-                            key4 = win32api.RegOpenKey(key3, "%s\\win64" % (lcid,))
+                            key4 = win32api.RegOpenKey(key3, f"{lcid}\\win64")
                         except win32api.error:
                             continue
                     try:
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/tlbrowse.py b/com/win32com/client/tlbrowse.py
index acc0028167..11673d5aff 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/tlbrowse.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/tlbrowse.py
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def _GetMainInfoTypes(self):
             typeFlags = attr[11]
 
             desc = doc[0]
-            desc = desc + ", Flags=0x%x, typeKind=0x%x, typeFlags=0x%x" % (
+            desc = desc + ", Flags=0x{:x}, typeKind=0x{:x}, typeFlags=0x{:x}".format(
                 flags,
                 typeKind,
                 typeFlags,
diff --git a/com/win32com/demos/connect.py b/com/win32com/demos/connect.py
index 3099214c94..197d7a6255 100644
--- a/com/win32com/demos/connect.py
+++ b/com/win32com/demos/connect.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def CheckEvent(server, client, val, verbose):
     client.last_event_arg = None
     server.DoIt(val)
     if client.last_event_arg != val:
-        raise RuntimeError("Sent %r, but got back %r" % (val, client.last_event_arg))
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Sent {val!r}, but got back {client.last_event_arg!r}")
     if verbose:
         print("Sent and received %r" % val)
 
diff --git a/com/win32com/makegw/makegw.py b/com/win32com/makegw/makegw.py
index 6074900d5f..196fce4276 100644
--- a/com/win32com/makegw/makegw.py
+++ b/com/win32com/makegw/makegw.py
@@ -89,13 +89,12 @@ def make_framework_support(
     fout = open("Py%s.cpp" % interface.name, "w")
     try:
         fout.write(
-            """\
-// This file implements the %s %s for Python.
+            f"""\
+// This file implements the {interface.name} {desc} for Python.
 // Generated by makegw.py
 
 #include "shell_pch.h"
 """
-            % (interface.name, desc)
         )
         #    if bMakeGateway:
         #      fout.write('#include "PythonCOMServer.h"\n')
@@ -114,11 +113,10 @@ def make_framework_support(
     fout = open("Py%s.h" % interface.name, "w")
     try:
         fout.write(
-            """\
-// This file declares the %s %s for Python.
+            f"""\
+// This file declares the {interface.name} {desc} for Python.
 // Generated by makegw.py
 """
-            % (interface.name, desc)
         )
 
         if bMakeInterface:
@@ -138,35 +136,33 @@ def make_framework_support(
 
 def _write_ifc_h(f, interface):
     f.write(
-        """\
+        f"""\
 // ---------------------------------------------------
 //
 // Interface Declaration
 
-class Py%s : public Py%s
-{
+class Py{interface.name} : public Py{interface.base}
+{{
 public:
-	MAKE_PYCOM_CTOR(Py%s);
-	static %s *GetI(PyObject *self);
+	MAKE_PYCOM_CTOR(Py{interface.name});
+	static {interface.name} *GetI(PyObject *self);
 	static PyComTypeObject type;
 
 	// The Python methods
 """
-        % (interface.name, interface.base, interface.name, interface.name)
     )
     for method in interface.methods:
         f.write(
             "\tstatic PyObject *%s(PyObject *self, PyObject *args);\n" % method.name
         )
     f.write(
-        """\
+        f"""\
 
 protected:
-	Py%s(IUnknown *pdisp);
-	~Py%s();
-};
+	Py{interface.name}(IUnknown *pdisp);
+	~Py{interface.name}();
+}};
 """
-        % (interface.name, interface.name)
     )
 
 
@@ -178,23 +174,24 @@ def _write_ifc_cpp(f, interface):
 //
 // Interface Implementation
 
-Py%(name)s::Py%(name)s(IUnknown *pdisp):
-	Py%(base)s(pdisp)
-{
+Py{name}::Py{name}(IUnknown *pdisp):
+	Py{base}(pdisp)
+{{
 	ob_type = &type;
-}
+}}
 
-Py%(name)s::~Py%(name)s()
-{
-}
+Py{name}::~Py{name}()
+{{
+}}
 
-/* static */ %(name)s *Py%(name)s::GetI(PyObject *self)
-{
-	return (%(name)s *)Py%(base)s::GetI(self);
-}
+/* static */ {name} *Py{name}::GetI(PyObject *self)
+{{
+	return ({name} *)Py{base}::GetI(self);
+}}
 
-"""
-        % (interface.__dict__)
+""".format(
+            **interface.__dict__
+        )
     )
 
     ptr = re.sub(r"[a-z]", "", interface.name)
@@ -203,14 +200,15 @@ def _write_ifc_cpp(f, interface):
         strdict["method"] = method.name
         f.write(
             """\
-// @pymethod |Py%(interfacename)s|%(method)s|Description of %(method)s.
-PyObject *Py%(interfacename)s::%(method)s(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-	%(interfacename)s *p%(ptr)s = GetI(self);
-	if ( p%(ptr)s == NULL )
+// @pymethod |Py{interfacename}|{method}|Description of {method}.
+PyObject *Py{interfacename}::{method}(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{{
+	{interfacename} *p{ptr} = GetI(self);
+	if ( p{ptr} == NULL )
 		return NULL;
-"""
-            % strdict
+""".format(
+                **strdict
+            )
         )
         argsParseTuple = (
             argsCOM
@@ -243,36 +241,38 @@ def _write_ifc_cpp(f, interface):
                 argsCOM = argsCOM + ", " + comArgName
             except makegwparse.error_not_supported as why:
                 f.write(
-                    '// *** The input argument %s of type "%s" was not processed ***\n//     Please check the conversion function is appropriate and exists!\n'
-                    % (arg.name, arg.raw_type)
+                    '// *** The input argument {} of type "{}" was not processed ***\n//     Please check the conversion function is appropriate and exists!\n'.format(
+                        arg.name, arg.raw_type
+                    )
                 )
 
+                f.write(f"\t{arg.type} {arg.name};\n\tPyObject *ob{arg.name};\n")
                 f.write(
-                    "\t%s %s;\n\tPyObject *ob%s;\n" % (arg.type, arg.name, arg.name)
-                )
-                f.write(
-                    "\t// @pyparm <o Py%s>|%s||Description for %s\n"
-                    % (arg.type, arg.name, arg.name)
+                    "\t// @pyparm <o Py{}>|{}||Description for {}\n".format(
+                        arg.type, arg.name, arg.name
+                    )
                 )
                 codePost = (
                     codePost
-                    + "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyObject_As%s( ob%s, &%s )) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-                    % (arg.type, arg.name, arg.name)
+                    + "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyObject_As{}( ob{}, &{} )) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+                        arg.type, arg.name, arg.name
+                    )
                 )
 
                 formatChars = formatChars + "O"
                 argsParseTuple = argsParseTuple + ", &ob%s" % (arg.name)
 
                 argsCOM = argsCOM + ", " + arg.name
-                cleanup = cleanup + "\tPyObject_Free%s(%s);\n" % (arg.type, arg.name)
+                cleanup = cleanup + f"\tPyObject_Free{arg.type}({arg.name});\n"
 
         if needConversion:
             f.write("\tUSES_CONVERSION;\n")
         f.write(codePobjects)
         f.write(codeCobjects)
         f.write(
-            '\tif ( !PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "%s:%s"%s) )\n\t\treturn NULL;\n'
-            % (formatChars, method.name, argsParseTuple)
+            '\tif ( !PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "{}:{}"{}) )\n\t\treturn NULL;\n'.format(
+                formatChars, method.name, argsParseTuple
+            )
         )
         if codePost:
             f.write("\tBOOL bPythonIsHappy = TRUE;\n")
@@ -284,14 +284,15 @@ def _write_ifc_cpp(f, interface):
         f.write(
             """	HRESULT hr;
 	PY_INTERFACE_PRECALL;
-	hr = p%(ptr)s->%(method)s(%(argsCOM)s );
-%(cleanup)s
+	hr = p{ptr}->{method}({argsCOM} );
+{cleanup}
 	PY_INTERFACE_POSTCALL;
-%(cleanup_gil)s
+{cleanup_gil}
 	if ( FAILED(hr) )
-		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr, p%(ptr)s, IID_%(interfacename)s );
-"""
-            % strdict
+		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr, p{ptr}, IID_{interfacename} );
+""".format(
+                **strdict
+            )
         )
         codePre = codePost = formatChars = codeVarsPass = codeDecl = ""
         for arg in method.args:
@@ -308,14 +309,16 @@ def _write_ifc_cpp(f, interface):
                     codeDecl = codeDecl + argCvt.DeclareParseArgTupleInputConverter()
             except makegwparse.error_not_supported as why:
                 f.write(
-                    '// *** The output argument %s of type "%s" was not processed ***\n//     %s\n'
-                    % (arg.name, arg.raw_type, why)
+                    '// *** The output argument {} of type "{}" was not processed ***\n//     {}\n'.format(
+                        arg.name, arg.raw_type, why
+                    )
                 )
                 continue
         if formatChars:
             f.write(
-                '%s\n%s\tPyObject *pyretval = Py_BuildValue("%s"%s);\n%s\treturn pyretval;'
-                % (codeDecl, codePre, formatChars, codeVarsPass, codePost)
+                '{}\n{}\tPyObject *pyretval = Py_BuildValue("{}"{});\n{}\treturn pyretval;'.format(
+                    codeDecl, codePre, formatChars, codeVarsPass, codePost
+                )
             )
         else:
             f.write("\tPy_INCREF(Py_None);\n\treturn Py_None;\n")
@@ -325,23 +328,25 @@ def _write_ifc_cpp(f, interface):
     f.write("static struct PyMethodDef Py%s_methods[] =\n{\n" % name)
     for method in interface.methods:
         f.write(
-            '\t{ "%s", Py%s::%s, 1 }, // @pymeth %s|Description of %s\n'
-            % (method.name, interface.name, method.name, method.name, method.name)
+            '\t{{ "{}", Py{}::{}, 1 }}, // @pymeth {}|Description of {}\n'.format(
+                method.name, interface.name, method.name, method.name, method.name
+            )
         )
 
     interfacebase = interface.base
     f.write(
         """\
-	{ NULL }
-};
-
-PyComTypeObject Py%(name)s::type("Py%(name)s",
-		&Py%(interfacebase)s::type,
-		sizeof(Py%(name)s),
-		Py%(name)s_methods,
-		GET_PYCOM_CTOR(Py%(name)s));
-"""
-        % locals()
+	{{ NULL }}
+}};
+
+PyComTypeObject Py{name}::type("Py{name}",
+		&Py{interfacebase}::type,
+		sizeof(Py{name}),
+		Py{name}_methods,
+		GET_PYCOM_CTOR(Py{name}));
+""".format(
+            **locals()
+        )
     )
 
 
@@ -359,24 +364,24 @@ def _write_gw_h(f, interface):
         else:
             base_name = "PyG" + interface.base
     f.write(
-        """\
+        f"""\
 // ---------------------------------------------------
 //
 // Gateway Declaration
 
-class %s : public %s, public %s
-{
+class {gname} : public {base_name}, public {name}
+{{
 protected:
-	%s(PyObject *instance) : %s(instance) { ; }
-	PYGATEWAY_MAKE_SUPPORT2(%s, %s, IID_%s, %s)
+	{gname}(PyObject *instance) : {base_name}(instance) {{ ; }}
+	PYGATEWAY_MAKE_SUPPORT2({gname}, {name}, IID_{name}, {base_name})
 
 """
-        % (gname, base_name, name, gname, base_name, gname, name, name, base_name)
     )
     if interface.base != "IUnknown":
         f.write(
-            "\t// %s\n\t// *** Manually add %s method decls here\n\n"
-            % (interface.base, interface.base)
+            "\t// {}\n\t// *** Manually add {} method decls here\n\n".format(
+                interface.base, interface.base
+            )
         )
     else:
         f.write("\n\n")
@@ -415,26 +420,26 @@ def _write_gw_cpp(f, interface):
 // ---------------------------------------------------
 //
 // Gateway Implementation
-"""
-        % {"name": name, "gname": gname, "base_name": base_name}
+""".format(
+            name=name, gname=gname, base_name=base_name
+        )
     )
 
     for method in interface.methods:
         f.write(
-            """\
-STDMETHODIMP %s::%s(
+            f"""\
+STDMETHODIMP {gname}::{method.name}(
 """
-            % (gname, method.name)
         )
 
         if method.args:
             for arg in method.args[:-1]:
                 inoutstr = "][".join(arg.inout)
-                f.write("\t\t/* [%s] */ %s,\n" % (inoutstr, arg.GetRawDeclaration()))
+                f.write(f"\t\t/* [{inoutstr}] */ {arg.GetRawDeclaration()},\n")
 
             arg = method.args[-1]
             inoutstr = "][".join(arg.inout)
-            f.write("\t\t/* [%s] */ %s)\n" % (inoutstr, arg.GetRawDeclaration()))
+            f.write(f"\t\t/* [{inoutstr}] */ {arg.GetRawDeclaration()})\n")
         else:
             f.write("\t\tvoid)\n")
 
@@ -467,16 +472,19 @@ def _write_gw_cpp(f, interface):
                         codePost = codePost + argCvt.GetBuildForGatewayPostCode()
                     except makegwparse.error_not_supported as why:
                         f.write(
-                            '// *** The input argument %s of type "%s" was not processed ***\n//   - Please ensure this conversion function exists, and is appropriate\n//   - %s\n'
-                            % (arg.name, arg.raw_type, why)
+                            '// *** The input argument {} of type "{}" was not processed ***\n//   - Please ensure this conversion function exists, and is appropriate\n//   - {}\n'.format(
+                                arg.name, arg.raw_type, why
+                            )
                         )
                         f.write(
-                            "\tPyObject *ob%s = PyObject_From%s(%s);\n"
-                            % (arg.name, arg.type, arg.name)
+                            "\tPyObject *ob{} = PyObject_From{}({});\n".format(
+                                arg.name, arg.type, arg.name
+                            )
                         )
                         f.write(
-                            '\tif (ob%s==NULL) return MAKE_PYCOM_GATEWAY_FAILURE_CODE("%s");\n'
-                            % (arg.name, method.name)
+                            '\tif (ob{}==NULL) return MAKE_PYCOM_GATEWAY_FAILURE_CODE("{}");\n'.format(
+                                arg.name, method.name
+                            )
                         )
                         codePost = codePost + "\tPy_DECREF(ob%s);\n" % arg.name
                         formatChars = formatChars + "O"
@@ -493,11 +501,11 @@ def _write_gw_cpp(f, interface):
             resStr = "NULL"
 
         if formatChars:
-            fullArgStr = '%s, "%s"%s' % (resStr, formatChars, argStr)
+            fullArgStr = f'{resStr}, "{formatChars}"{argStr}'
         else:
             fullArgStr = resStr
 
-        f.write('\tHRESULT hr=InvokeViaPolicy("%s", %s);\n' % (method.name, fullArgStr))
+        f.write(f'\tHRESULT hr=InvokeViaPolicy("{method.name}", {fullArgStr});\n')
         f.write(codePost)
         if cout:
             f.write("\tif (FAILED(hr)) return hr;\n")
@@ -526,8 +534,9 @@ def _write_gw_cpp(f, interface):
                         needConversion = needConversion or argCvt.NeedUSES_CONVERSION()
                 except makegwparse.error_not_supported as why:
                     f.write(
-                        '// *** The output argument %s of type "%s" was not processed ***\n//     %s\n'
-                        % (arg.name, arg.raw_type, why)
+                        '// *** The output argument {} of type "{}" was not processed ***\n//     {}\n'.format(
+                            arg.name, arg.raw_type, why
+                        )
                     )
 
             if formatChars:  # If I have any to actually process.
@@ -538,8 +547,9 @@ def _write_gw_cpp(f, interface):
                 if codePobjects:
                     f.write(codePobjects)
                 f.write(
-                    '\tif (!%s(result, "%s" %s))\n\t\treturn MAKE_PYCOM_GATEWAY_FAILURE_CODE("%s");\n'
-                    % (parseFn, formatChars, argsParseTuple, method.name)
+                    '\tif (!{}(result, "{}" {}))\n\t\treturn MAKE_PYCOM_GATEWAY_FAILURE_CODE("{}");\n'.format(
+                        parseFn, formatChars, argsParseTuple, method.name
+                    )
                 )
             if codePost:
                 f.write("\tBOOL bPythonIsHappy = TRUE;\n")
diff --git a/com/win32com/makegw/makegwenum.py b/com/win32com/makegw/makegwenum.py
index 39c9b2d190..fb828672cc 100644
--- a/com/win32com/makegw/makegwenum.py
+++ b/com/win32com/makegw/makegwenum.py
@@ -23,19 +23,20 @@ def _write_enumifc_cpp(f, interface):
     if is_interface_enum(enumtype):
         # Assume an interface.
         enum_interface = "I" + enumtype[:-1]
-        converter = (
-            "PyObject *ob = PyCom_PyObjectFromIUnknown(rgVar[i], IID_%(enum_interface)s, FALSE);"
-            % locals()
+        converter = "PyObject *ob = PyCom_PyObjectFromIUnknown(rgVar[i], IID_{enum_interface}, FALSE);".format(
+            **locals()
         )
         arraydeclare = (
-            "%(enum_interface)s **rgVar = new %(enum_interface)s *[celt];" % locals()
+            "{enum_interface} **rgVar = new {enum_interface} *[celt];".format(
+                **locals()
+            )
         )
     else:
         # Enum of a simple structure
-        converter = (
-            "PyObject *ob = PyCom_PyObjectFrom%(enumtype)s(&rgVar[i]);" % locals()
+        converter = "PyObject *ob = PyCom_PyObjectFrom{enumtype}(&rgVar[i]);".format(
+            **locals()
         )
-        arraydeclare = "%(enumtype)s *rgVar = new %(enumtype)s[celt];" % locals()
+        arraydeclare = "{enumtype} *rgVar = new {enumtype}[celt];".format(**locals())
 
     f.write(
         """
@@ -43,38 +44,38 @@ def _write_enumifc_cpp(f, interface):
 //
 // Interface Implementation
 
-PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::PyIEnum%(enumtype)s(IUnknown *pdisp):
+PyIEnum{enumtype}::PyIEnum{enumtype}(IUnknown *pdisp):
 	PyIUnknown(pdisp)
-{
+{{
 	ob_type = &type;
-}
+}}
 
-PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::~PyIEnum%(enumtype)s()
-{
-}
+PyIEnum{enumtype}::~PyIEnum{enumtype}()
+{{
+}}
 
-/* static */ IEnum%(enumtype)s *PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::GetI(PyObject *self)
-{
-	return (IEnum%(enumtype)s *)PyIUnknown::GetI(self);
-}
+/* static */ IEnum{enumtype} *PyIEnum{enumtype}::GetI(PyObject *self)
+{{
+	return (IEnum{enumtype} *)PyIUnknown::GetI(self);
+}}
 
-// @pymethod object|PyIEnum%(enumtype)s|Next|Retrieves a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence.
-PyObject *PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::Next(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
+// @pymethod object|PyIEnum{enumtype}|Next|Retrieves a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence.
+PyObject *PyIEnum{enumtype}::Next(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{{
 	long celt = 1;
 	// @pyparm int|num|1|Number of items to retrieve.
 	if ( !PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|l:Next", &celt) )
 		return NULL;
 
-	IEnum%(enumtype)s *pIE%(enumtype)s = GetI(self);
-	if ( pIE%(enumtype)s == NULL )
+	IEnum{enumtype} *pIE{enumtype} = GetI(self);
+	if ( pIE{enumtype} == NULL )
 		return NULL;
 
-	%(arraydeclare)s
-	if ( rgVar == NULL ) {
-		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "allocating result %(enumtype)ss");
+	{arraydeclare}
+	if ( rgVar == NULL ) {{
+		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "allocating result {enumtype}s");
 		return NULL;
-	}
+	}}
 
 	int i;
 /*	for ( i = celt; i--; )
@@ -83,115 +84,116 @@ def _write_enumifc_cpp(f, interface):
 
 	ULONG celtFetched = 0;
 	PY_INTERFACE_PRECALL;
-	HRESULT hr = pIE%(enumtype)s->Next(celt, rgVar, &celtFetched);
+	HRESULT hr = pIE{enumtype}->Next(celt, rgVar, &celtFetched);
 	PY_INTERFACE_POSTCALL;
 	if (  HRESULT_CODE(hr) != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS && FAILED(hr) )
-	{
+	{{
 		delete [] rgVar;
-		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr,pIE%(enumtype)s, IID_IE%(enumtype)s);
-	}
+		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr,pIE{enumtype}, IID_IE{enumtype});
+	}}
 
 	PyObject *result = PyTuple_New(celtFetched);
 	if ( result != NULL )
-	{
+	{{
 		for ( i = celtFetched; i--; )
-		{
-			%(converter)s
+		{{
+			{converter}
 			if ( ob == NULL )
-			{
+			{{
 				Py_DECREF(result);
 				result = NULL;
 				break;
-			}
+			}}
 			PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, ob);
-		}
-	}
+		}}
+	}}
 
 /*	for ( i = celtFetched; i--; )
 		// *** possibly cleanup each structure element???
 */
 	delete [] rgVar;
 	return result;
-}
+}}
 
-// @pymethod |PyIEnum%(enumtype)s|Skip|Skips over the next specified elementes.
-PyObject *PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::Skip(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
+// @pymethod |PyIEnum{enumtype}|Skip|Skips over the next specified elementes.
+PyObject *PyIEnum{enumtype}::Skip(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{{
 	long celt;
 	if ( !PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "l:Skip", &celt) )
 		return NULL;
 
-	IEnum%(enumtype)s *pIE%(enumtype)s = GetI(self);
-	if ( pIE%(enumtype)s == NULL )
+	IEnum{enumtype} *pIE{enumtype} = GetI(self);
+	if ( pIE{enumtype} == NULL )
 		return NULL;
 
 	PY_INTERFACE_PRECALL;
-	HRESULT hr = pIE%(enumtype)s->Skip(celt);
+	HRESULT hr = pIE{enumtype}->Skip(celt);
 	PY_INTERFACE_POSTCALL;
 	if ( FAILED(hr) )
-		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr, pIE%(enumtype)s, IID_IE%(enumtype)s);
+		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr, pIE{enumtype}, IID_IE{enumtype});
 
 	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
 	return Py_None;
-}
+}}
 
-// @pymethod |PyIEnum%(enumtype)s|Reset|Resets the enumeration sequence to the beginning.
-PyObject *PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::Reset(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
+// @pymethod |PyIEnum{enumtype}|Reset|Resets the enumeration sequence to the beginning.
+PyObject *PyIEnum{enumtype}::Reset(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{{
 	if ( !PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ":Reset") )
 		return NULL;
 
-	IEnum%(enumtype)s *pIE%(enumtype)s = GetI(self);
-	if ( pIE%(enumtype)s == NULL )
+	IEnum{enumtype} *pIE{enumtype} = GetI(self);
+	if ( pIE{enumtype} == NULL )
 		return NULL;
 
 	PY_INTERFACE_PRECALL;
-	HRESULT hr = pIE%(enumtype)s->Reset();
+	HRESULT hr = pIE{enumtype}->Reset();
 	PY_INTERFACE_POSTCALL;
 	if ( FAILED(hr) )
-		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr, pIE%(enumtype)s, IID_IE%(enumtype)s);
+		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr, pIE{enumtype}, IID_IE{enumtype});
 
 	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
 	return Py_None;
-}
+}}
 
-// @pymethod <o PyIEnum%(enumtype)s>|PyIEnum%(enumtype)s|Clone|Creates another enumerator that contains the same enumeration state as the current one
-PyObject *PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::Clone(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
+// @pymethod <o PyIEnum{enumtype}>|PyIEnum{enumtype}|Clone|Creates another enumerator that contains the same enumeration state as the current one
+PyObject *PyIEnum{enumtype}::Clone(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{{
 	if ( !PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ":Clone") )
 		return NULL;
 
-	IEnum%(enumtype)s *pIE%(enumtype)s = GetI(self);
-	if ( pIE%(enumtype)s == NULL )
+	IEnum{enumtype} *pIE{enumtype} = GetI(self);
+	if ( pIE{enumtype} == NULL )
 		return NULL;
 
-	IEnum%(enumtype)s *pClone;
+	IEnum{enumtype} *pClone;
 	PY_INTERFACE_PRECALL;
-	HRESULT hr = pIE%(enumtype)s->Clone(&pClone);
+	HRESULT hr = pIE{enumtype}->Clone(&pClone);
 	PY_INTERFACE_POSTCALL;
 	if ( FAILED(hr) )
-		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr, pIE%(enumtype)s, IID_IE%(enumtype)s);
-
-	return PyCom_PyObjectFromIUnknown(pClone, IID_IEnum%(enumtype)s, FALSE);
-}
-
-// @object PyIEnum%(enumtype)s|A Python interface to IEnum%(enumtype)s
-static struct PyMethodDef PyIEnum%(enumtype)s_methods[] =
-{
-	{ "Next", PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::Next, 1 },    // @pymeth Next|Retrieves a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence.
-	{ "Skip", PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::Skip, 1 },	// @pymeth Skip|Skips over the next specified elementes.
-	{ "Reset", PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::Reset, 1 },	// @pymeth Reset|Resets the enumeration sequence to the beginning.
-	{ "Clone", PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::Clone, 1 },	// @pymeth Clone|Creates another enumerator that contains the same enumeration state as the current one.
-	{ NULL }
-};
-
-PyComEnumTypeObject PyIEnum%(enumtype)s::type("PyIEnum%(enumtype)s",
+		return PyCom_BuildPyException(hr, pIE{enumtype}, IID_IE{enumtype});
+
+	return PyCom_PyObjectFromIUnknown(pClone, IID_IEnum{enumtype}, FALSE);
+}}
+
+// @object PyIEnum{enumtype}|A Python interface to IEnum{enumtype}
+static struct PyMethodDef PyIEnum{enumtype}_methods[] =
+{{
+	{{ "Next", PyIEnum{enumtype}::Next, 1 }},    // @pymeth Next|Retrieves a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence.
+	{{ "Skip", PyIEnum{enumtype}::Skip, 1 }},	// @pymeth Skip|Skips over the next specified elementes.
+	{{ "Reset", PyIEnum{enumtype}::Reset, 1 }},	// @pymeth Reset|Resets the enumeration sequence to the beginning.
+	{{ "Clone", PyIEnum{enumtype}::Clone, 1 }},	// @pymeth Clone|Creates another enumerator that contains the same enumeration state as the current one.
+	{{ NULL }}
+}};
+
+PyComEnumTypeObject PyIEnum{enumtype}::type("PyIEnum{enumtype}",
 		&PyIUnknown::type,
-		sizeof(PyIEnum%(enumtype)s),
-		PyIEnum%(enumtype)s_methods,
-		GET_PYCOM_CTOR(PyIEnum%(enumtype)s));
-"""
-        % locals()
+		sizeof(PyIEnum{enumtype}),
+		PyIEnum{enumtype}_methods,
+		GET_PYCOM_CTOR(PyIEnum{enumtype}));
+""".format(
+            **locals()
+        )
     )
 
 
@@ -200,14 +202,15 @@ def _write_enumgw_cpp(f, interface):
     if is_interface_enum(enumtype):
         # Assume an interface.
         enum_interface = "I" + enumtype[:-1]
-        converter = (
-            "if ( !PyCom_InterfaceFromPyObject(ob, IID_%(enum_interface)s, (void **)&rgVar[i], FALSE) )"
-            % locals()
+        converter = "if ( !PyCom_InterfaceFromPyObject(ob, IID_{enum_interface}, (void **)&rgVar[i], FALSE) )".format(
+            **locals()
         )
-        argdeclare = "%(enum_interface)s __RPC_FAR * __RPC_FAR *rgVar" % locals()
+        argdeclare = "{enum_interface} __RPC_FAR * __RPC_FAR *rgVar".format(**locals())
     else:
-        argdeclare = "%(enumtype)s __RPC_FAR *rgVar" % locals()
-        converter = "if ( !PyCom_PyObjectAs%(enumtype)s(ob, &rgVar[i]) )" % locals()
+        argdeclare = "{enumtype} __RPC_FAR *rgVar".format(**locals())
+        converter = "if ( !PyCom_PyObjectAs{enumtype}(ob, &rgVar[i]) )".format(
+            **locals()
+        )
     f.write(
         """
 // ---------------------------------------------------
@@ -215,19 +218,19 @@ def _write_enumgw_cpp(f, interface):
 // Gateway Implementation
 
 // Std delegation
-STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG) PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::AddRef(void) {return PyGatewayBase::AddRef();}
-STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG) PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::Release(void) {return PyGatewayBase::Release();}
-STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::QueryInterface(REFIID iid, void ** obj) {return PyGatewayBase::QueryInterface(iid, obj);}
-STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::GetTypeInfoCount(UINT FAR* pctInfo) {return PyGatewayBase::GetTypeInfoCount(pctInfo);}
-STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::GetTypeInfo(UINT itinfo, LCID lcid, ITypeInfo FAR* FAR* pptInfo) {return PyGatewayBase::GetTypeInfo(itinfo, lcid, pptInfo);}
-STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::GetIDsOfNames(REFIID refiid, OLECHAR FAR* FAR* rgszNames, UINT cNames, LCID lcid, DISPID FAR* rgdispid) {return PyGatewayBase::GetIDsOfNames( refiid, rgszNames, cNames, lcid, rgdispid);}
-STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::Invoke(DISPID dispid, REFIID riid, LCID lcid, WORD wFlags, DISPPARAMS FAR* params, VARIANT FAR* pVarResult, EXCEPINFO FAR* pexcepinfo, UINT FAR* puArgErr) {return PyGatewayBase::Invoke( dispid, riid, lcid, wFlags, params, pVarResult, pexcepinfo, puArgErr);}
-
-STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::Next( 
+STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG) PyGEnum{enumtype}::AddRef(void) {{return PyGatewayBase::AddRef();}}
+STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG) PyGEnum{enumtype}::Release(void) {{return PyGatewayBase::Release();}}
+STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum{enumtype}::QueryInterface(REFIID iid, void ** obj) {{return PyGatewayBase::QueryInterface(iid, obj);}}
+STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum{enumtype}::GetTypeInfoCount(UINT FAR* pctInfo) {{return PyGatewayBase::GetTypeInfoCount(pctInfo);}}
+STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum{enumtype}::GetTypeInfo(UINT itinfo, LCID lcid, ITypeInfo FAR* FAR* pptInfo) {{return PyGatewayBase::GetTypeInfo(itinfo, lcid, pptInfo);}}
+STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum{enumtype}::GetIDsOfNames(REFIID refiid, OLECHAR FAR* FAR* rgszNames, UINT cNames, LCID lcid, DISPID FAR* rgdispid) {{return PyGatewayBase::GetIDsOfNames( refiid, rgszNames, cNames, lcid, rgdispid);}}
+STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum{enumtype}::Invoke(DISPID dispid, REFIID riid, LCID lcid, WORD wFlags, DISPPARAMS FAR* params, VARIANT FAR* pVarResult, EXCEPINFO FAR* pexcepinfo, UINT FAR* puArgErr) {{return PyGatewayBase::Invoke( dispid, riid, lcid, wFlags, params, pVarResult, pexcepinfo, puArgErr);}}
+
+STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum{enumtype}::Next( 
             /* [in] */ ULONG celt,
-            /* [length_is][size_is][out] */ %(argdeclare)s,
+            /* [length_is][size_is][out] */ {argdeclare},
             /* [out] */ ULONG __RPC_FAR *pCeltFetched)
-{
+{{
 	PY_GATEWAY_METHOD;
 	PyObject *result;
 	HRESULT hr = InvokeViaPolicy("Next", &result, "i", celt);
@@ -248,17 +251,17 @@ def _write_enumgw_cpp(f, interface):
 
 	int i;
 	for ( i = 0; i < len; ++i )
-	{
+	{{
 		PyObject *ob = PySequence_GetItem(result, i);
 		if ( ob == NULL )
 			goto error;
 
-		%(converter)s
-		{
+		{converter}
+		{{
 			Py_DECREF(result);
-			return PyCom_SetCOMErrorFromPyException(IID_IEnum%(enumtype)s);
-		}
-	}
+			return PyCom_SetCOMErrorFromPyException(IID_IEnum{enumtype});
+		}}
+	}}
 
 	Py_DECREF(result);
 
@@ -267,25 +270,25 @@ def _write_enumgw_cpp(f, interface):
   error:
 	PyErr_Clear();	// just in case
 	Py_DECREF(result);
-	return PyCom_HandleIEnumNoSequence(IID_IEnum%(enumtype)s);
-}
+	return PyCom_HandleIEnumNoSequence(IID_IEnum{enumtype});
+}}
 
-STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::Skip( 
+STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum{enumtype}::Skip( 
             /* [in] */ ULONG celt)
-{
+{{
 	PY_GATEWAY_METHOD;
 	return InvokeViaPolicy("Skip", NULL, "i", celt);
-}
+}}
 
-STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::Reset(void)
-{
+STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum{enumtype}::Reset(void)
+{{
 	PY_GATEWAY_METHOD;
 	return InvokeViaPolicy("Reset");
-}
+}}
 
-STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum%(enumtype)s::Clone( 
-            /* [out] */ IEnum%(enumtype)s __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppEnum)
-{
+STDMETHODIMP PyGEnum{enumtype}::Clone( 
+            /* [out] */ IEnum{enumtype} __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppEnum)
+{{
 	PY_GATEWAY_METHOD;
 	PyObject * result;
 	HRESULT hr = InvokeViaPolicy("Clone", &result);
@@ -297,11 +300,11 @@ def _write_enumgw_cpp(f, interface):
 	** of IUnknown subclass wrapped into a PyIUnknown instance.
 	*/
 	if ( !PyIBase::is_object(result, &PyIUnknown::type) )
-	{
+	{{
 		/* the wrong kind of object was returned to us */
 		Py_DECREF(result);
-		return PyCom_SetCOMErrorFromSimple(E_FAIL, IID_IEnum%(enumtype)s);
-	}
+		return PyCom_SetCOMErrorFromSimple(E_FAIL, IID_IEnum{enumtype});
+	}}
 
 	/*
 	** Get the IUnknown out of the thing. note that the Python ob maintains
@@ -309,23 +312,24 @@ def _write_enumgw_cpp(f, interface):
 	*/
 	IUnknown *punk = ((PyIUnknown *)result)->m_obj;
 	if ( !punk )
-	{
+	{{
 		/* damn. the object was released. */
 		Py_DECREF(result);
-		return PyCom_SetCOMErrorFromSimple(E_FAIL, IID_IEnum%(enumtype)s);
-	}
+		return PyCom_SetCOMErrorFromSimple(E_FAIL, IID_IEnum{enumtype});
+	}}
 
 	/*
 	** Get the interface we want. note it is returned with a refcount.
-	** This QI is actually going to instantiate a PyGEnum%(enumtype)s.
+	** This QI is actually going to instantiate a PyGEnum{enumtype}.
 	*/
-	hr = punk->QueryInterface(IID_IEnum%(enumtype)s, (LPVOID *)ppEnum);
+	hr = punk->QueryInterface(IID_IEnum{enumtype}, (LPVOID *)ppEnum);
 
 	/* done with the result; this DECREF is also for <punk> */
 	Py_DECREF(result);
 
-	return PyCom_CheckIEnumNextResult(hr, IID_IEnum%(enumtype)s);
-}
-"""
-        % locals()
+	return PyCom_CheckIEnumNextResult(hr, IID_IEnum{enumtype});
+}}
+""".format(
+            **locals()
+        )
     )
diff --git a/com/win32com/makegw/makegwparse.py b/com/win32com/makegw/makegwparse.py
index 178ab7adc8..ba32c7fa36 100644
--- a/com/win32com/makegw/makegwparse.py
+++ b/com/win32com/makegw/makegwparse.py
@@ -108,9 +108,13 @@ def GetInterfaceCppObjectInfo(self):
         # 	 indirection was applied (plus the builtin amount)
         # the second return element is the variable declaration; it
         # 	 should simply be builtin indirection
-        return self.GetIndirectedArgName(
-            self.builtinIndirection, self.arg.indirectionLevel + self.builtinIndirection
-        ), "%s %s" % (self.GetUnconstType(), self.arg.name)
+        return (
+            self.GetIndirectedArgName(
+                self.builtinIndirection,
+                self.arg.indirectionLevel + self.builtinIndirection,
+            ),
+            f"{self.GetUnconstType()} {self.arg.name}",
+        )
 
     def GetInterfaceArgCleanup(self):
         "Return cleanup code for C++ args passed to the interface method."
@@ -195,7 +199,7 @@ def GetBuildForGatewayPostCode(self):
         return s
 
     def GetAutoduckString(self):
-        return "// @pyparm %s|%s||Description for %s" % (
+        return "// @pyparm {}|{}||Description for {}".format(
             self._GetPythonTypeDesc(),
             self.arg.name,
             self.arg.name,
@@ -309,17 +313,13 @@ def GetBuildForInterfacePostCode(self):
         return "\tPy_XDECREF(ob%s);\n" % self.arg.name
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return (
-            "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyWinLong_AsULONG_PTR(ob%s, (ULONG_PTR *)%s)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-            % (self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 2))
+        return "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyWinLong_AsULONG_PTR(ob{}, (ULONG_PTR *){})) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+            self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 2)
         )
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
-        return "\tob%s = PyWinObject_FromULONG_PTR(%s);\n" % (
-            self.arg.name,
-            notdirected,
-        )
+        return f"\tob{self.arg.name} = PyWinObject_FromULONG_PTR({notdirected});\n"
 
     def GetBuildForGatewayPostCode(self):
         return "\tPy_XDECREF(ob%s);\n" % self.arg.name
@@ -356,19 +356,19 @@ def _GetPythonTypeDesc(self):
         return "<o unicode>"
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return (
-            "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyWinObject_AsBstr(ob%s, %s)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-            % (self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 2))
+        return "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyWinObject_AsBstr(ob{}, {})) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+            self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 2)
         )
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
-        return "\tob%s = MakeBstrToObj(%s);\n" % (self.arg.name, notdirected)
+        return f"\tob{self.arg.name} = MakeBstrToObj({notdirected});\n"
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePostCode(self):
-        return "\tSysFreeString(%s);\n" % (
-            self.arg.name,
-        ) + ArgFormatterPythonCOM.GetBuildForInterfacePostCode(self)
+        return (
+            f"\tSysFreeString({self.arg.name});\n"
+            + ArgFormatterPythonCOM.GetBuildForInterfacePostCode(self)
+        )
 
     def GetBuildForGatewayPostCode(self):
         return "\tPy_XDECREF(ob%s);\n" % self.arg.name
@@ -385,9 +385,8 @@ def GetUnconstType(self):
             return self.arg.unc_type
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return (
-            "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyWinObject_AsBstr(ob%s, %s)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-            % (self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 2))
+        return "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyWinObject_AsBstr(ob{}, {})) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+            self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 2)
         )
 
     def GetInterfaceArgCleanup(self):
@@ -396,13 +395,14 @@ def GetInterfaceArgCleanup(self):
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         # the variable was declared with just its builtin indirection
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(self.builtinIndirection, 1)
-        return "\tob%s = MakeOLECHARToObj(%s);\n" % (self.arg.name, notdirected)
+        return f"\tob{self.arg.name} = MakeOLECHARToObj({notdirected});\n"
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePostCode(self):
         # memory returned into an OLECHAR should be freed
-        return "\tCoTaskMemFree(%s);\n" % (
-            self.arg.name,
-        ) + ArgFormatterPythonCOM.GetBuildForInterfacePostCode(self)
+        return (
+            f"\tCoTaskMemFree({self.arg.name});\n"
+            + ArgFormatterPythonCOM.GetBuildForInterfacePostCode(self)
+        )
 
     def GetBuildForGatewayPostCode(self):
         return "\tPy_XDECREF(ob%s);\n" % self.arg.name
@@ -419,9 +419,8 @@ def GetUnconstType(self):
             return self.arg.unc_type
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return (
-            "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyWinObject_AsTCHAR(ob%s, %s)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-            % (self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 2))
+        return "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyWinObject_AsTCHAR(ob{}, {})) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+            self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 2)
         )
 
     def GetInterfaceArgCleanup(self):
@@ -430,7 +429,7 @@ def GetInterfaceArgCleanup(self):
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         # the variable was declared with just its builtin indirection
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(self.builtinIndirection, 1)
-        return "\tob%s = PyWinObject_FromTCHAR(%s);\n" % (self.arg.name, notdirected)
+        return f"\tob{self.arg.name} = PyWinObject_FromTCHAR({notdirected});\n"
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePostCode(self):
         return "// ??? - TCHAR post code\n"
@@ -444,7 +443,7 @@ def _GetPythonTypeDesc(self):
         return "<o PyIID>"
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return "\tif (!PyWinObject_AsIID(ob%s, &%s)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n" % (
+        return "\tif (!PyWinObject_AsIID(ob{}, &{})) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
             self.arg.name,
             self.arg.name,
         )
@@ -452,7 +451,7 @@ def GetParsePostCode(self):
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         # 		notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(self.arg.indirectionLevel, 0)
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 0)
-        return "\tob%s = PyWinObject_FromIID(%s);\n" % (self.arg.name, notdirected)
+        return f"\tob{self.arg.name} = PyWinObject_FromIID({notdirected});\n"
 
     def GetInterfaceCppObjectInfo(self):
         return self.arg.name, "IID %s" % (self.arg.name)
@@ -476,19 +475,16 @@ def _GetPythonTypeDesc(self):
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
         # variable was declared with only the builtinIndirection
         ### NOTE: this is an [in] ... so use only builtin
-        return (
-            '\tif (!PyTime_Check(ob%s)) {\n\t\tPyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "The argument must be a PyTime object");\n\t\tbPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n\t}\n\tif (!((PyTime *)ob%s)->GetTime(%s)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n'
-            % (
-                self.arg.name,
-                self.arg.name,
-                self.GetIndirectedArgName(self.builtinIndirection, 1),
-            )
+        return '\tif (!PyTime_Check(ob{})) {{\n\t\tPyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "The argument must be a PyTime object");\n\t\tbPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n\t}}\n\tif (!((PyTime *)ob{})->GetTime({})) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n'.format(
+            self.arg.name,
+            self.arg.name,
+            self.GetIndirectedArgName(self.builtinIndirection, 1),
         )
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         ### use just the builtinIndirection again...
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(self.builtinIndirection, 0)
-        return "\tob%s = new PyTime(%s);\n" % (self.arg.name, notdirected)
+        return f"\tob{self.arg.name} = new PyTime({notdirected});\n"
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePostCode(self):
         ### hack to determine if we need to free stuff
@@ -504,21 +500,17 @@ def _GetPythonTypeDesc(self):
         return "<o STATSTG>"
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return (
-            "\tif (!PyCom_PyObjectAsSTATSTG(ob%s, %s, 0/*flags*/)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-            % (self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1))
+        return "\tif (!PyCom_PyObjectAsSTATSTG(ob{}, {}, 0/*flags*/)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+            self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
         )
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
-        return (
-            "\tob%s = PyCom_PyObjectFromSTATSTG(%s);\n\t// STATSTG doco says our responsibility to free\n\tif ((%s).pwcsName) CoTaskMemFree((%s).pwcsName);\n"
-            % (
-                self.arg.name,
-                self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1),
-                notdirected,
-                notdirected,
-            )
+        return "\tob{} = PyCom_PyObjectFromSTATSTG({});\n\t// STATSTG doco says our responsibility to free\n\tif (({}).pwcsName) CoTaskMemFree(({}).pwcsName);\n".format(
+            self.arg.name,
+            self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1),
+            notdirected,
+            notdirected,
         )
 
 
@@ -527,18 +519,18 @@ def _GetPythonTypeDesc(self):
         return "<o %s>" % self.arg.type
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return "\tif (!PyObject_As%s(ob%s, &%s) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n" % (
+        return "\tif (!PyObject_As{}(ob{}, &{}) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
             self.arg.type,
             self.arg.name,
             self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1),
         )
 
     def GetInterfaceArgCleanup(self):
-        return "\tPyObject_Free%s(%s);\n" % (self.arg.type, self.arg.name)
+        return f"\tPyObject_Free{self.arg.type}({self.arg.name});\n"
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
-        return "\tob%s = PyObject_From%s(%s);\n" % (
+        return "\tob{} = PyObject_From{}({});\n".format(
             self.arg.name,
             self.arg.type,
             self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1),
@@ -550,17 +542,16 @@ def _GetPythonTypeDesc(self):
         return "<o PyIDL>"
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return (
-            "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyObject_AsPIDL(ob%s, &%s)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-            % (self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1))
+        return "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyObject_AsPIDL(ob{}, &{})) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+            self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
         )
 
     def GetInterfaceArgCleanup(self):
-        return "\tPyObject_FreePIDL(%s);\n" % (self.arg.name,)
+        return f"\tPyObject_FreePIDL({self.arg.name});\n"
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
-        return "\tob%s = PyObject_FromPIDL(%s);\n" % (
+        return "\tob{} = PyObject_FromPIDL({});\n".format(
             self.arg.name,
             self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1),
         )
@@ -571,14 +562,13 @@ def _GetPythonTypeDesc(self):
         return "<o PyHANDLE>"
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return (
-            "\tif (!PyWinObject_AsHANDLE(ob%s, &%s, FALSE) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-            % (self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1))
+        return "\tif (!PyWinObject_AsHANDLE(ob{}, &{}, FALSE) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+            self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
         )
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
-        return "\tob%s = PyWinObject_FromHANDLE(%s);\n" % (
+        return "\tob{} = PyWinObject_FromHANDLE({});\n".format(
             self.arg.name,
             self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 0),
         )
@@ -592,7 +582,7 @@ def _GetPythonTypeDesc(self):
         return "<o %s>" % self.GetKeyName()
 
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return "\tif (!PyWinObject_As%s(ob%s, %s)) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n" % (
+        return "\tif (!PyWinObject_As{}(ob{}, {})) bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
             self.GetKeyName(),
             self.arg.name,
             self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1),
@@ -600,7 +590,7 @@ def GetParsePostCode(self):
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 0)
-        return "\tob%s = PyWinObject_From%s(%s);\n" % (
+        return "\tob{} = PyWinObject_From{}({});\n".format(
             self.arg.name,
             self.GetKeyName(),
             notdirected,
@@ -614,7 +604,9 @@ def GetKeyName(self):
 
 class ArgFormatterInterface(ArgFormatterPythonCOM):
     def GetInterfaceCppObjectInfo(self):
-        return self.GetIndirectedArgName(1, self.arg.indirectionLevel), "%s * %s" % (
+        return self.GetIndirectedArgName(
+            1, self.arg.indirectionLevel
+        ), "{} * {}".format(
             self.GetUnconstType(),
             self.arg.name,
         )
@@ -626,13 +618,12 @@ def GetParsePostCode(self):
         else:
             # vs. in params for interface mode.
             sArg = self.GetIndirectedArgName(1, 2)
-        return (
-            "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyCom_InterfaceFromPyInstanceOrObject(ob%s, IID_%s, (void **)%s, TRUE /* bNoneOK */))\n\t\t bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-            % (self.arg.name, self.arg.type, sArg)
+        return "\tif (bPythonIsHappy && !PyCom_InterfaceFromPyInstanceOrObject(ob{}, IID_{}, (void **){}, TRUE /* bNoneOK */))\n\t\t bPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+            self.arg.name, self.arg.type, sArg
         )
 
     def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
-        return "\tob%s = PyCom_PyObjectFromIUnknown(%s, IID_%s, FALSE);\n" % (
+        return "\tob{} = PyCom_PyObjectFromIUnknown({}, IID_{}, FALSE);\n".format(
             self.arg.name,
             self.arg.name,
             self.arg.type,
@@ -640,7 +631,7 @@ def GetBuildForInterfacePreCode(self):
 
     def GetBuildForGatewayPreCode(self):
         sPrefix = self._IndirectPrefix(self._GetDeclaredIndirection(), 1)
-        return "\tob%s = PyCom_PyObjectFromIUnknown(%s%s, IID_%s, TRUE);\n" % (
+        return "\tob{} = PyCom_PyObjectFromIUnknown({}{}, IID_{}, TRUE);\n".format(
             self.arg.name,
             sPrefix,
             self.arg.name,
@@ -648,22 +639,18 @@ def GetBuildForGatewayPreCode(self):
         )
 
     def GetInterfaceArgCleanup(self):
-        return "\tif (%s) %s->Release();\n" % (self.arg.name, self.arg.name)
+        return f"\tif ({self.arg.name}) {self.arg.name}->Release();\n"
 
 
 class ArgFormatterVARIANT(ArgFormatterPythonCOM):
     def GetParsePostCode(self):
-        return (
-            "\tif ( !PyCom_VariantFromPyObject(ob%s, %s) )\n\t\tbPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n"
-            % (self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1))
+        return "\tif ( !PyCom_VariantFromPyObject(ob{}, {}) )\n\t\tbPythonIsHappy = FALSE;\n".format(
+            self.arg.name, self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
         )
 
     def GetBuildForGatewayPreCode(self):
         notdirected = self.GetIndirectedArgName(None, 1)
-        return "\tob%s = PyCom_PyObjectFromVariant(%s);\n" % (
-            self.arg.name,
-            notdirected,
-        )
+        return f"\tob{self.arg.name} = PyCom_PyObjectFromVariant({notdirected});\n"
 
     def GetBuildForGatewayPostCode(self):
         return "\tPy_XDECREF(ob%s);\n" % self.arg.name
@@ -783,9 +770,7 @@ def make_arg_converter(arg):
         if arg.type[0] == "I":
             return ArgFormatterInterface(arg, 0, 1)
 
-        raise error_not_supported(
-            "The type '%s' (%s) is unknown." % (arg.type, arg.name)
-        )
+        raise error_not_supported(f"The type '{arg.type}' ({arg.name}) is unknown.")
 
 
 #############################################################
@@ -850,8 +835,9 @@ def BuildFromFile(self, file):
 
         if VERBOSE:
             print(
-                "	   Arg %s of type %s%s (%s)"
-                % (self.name, self.type, "*" * self.indirectionLevel, self.inout)
+                "	   Arg {} of type {}{} ({})".format(
+                    self.name, self.type, "*" * self.indirectionLevel, self.inout
+                )
             )
 
     def HasAttribute(self, typ):
@@ -864,7 +850,7 @@ def HasAttribute(self, typ):
         return typ in self.inout
 
     def GetRawDeclaration(self):
-        ret = "%s %s" % (self.raw_type, self.name)
+        ret = f"{self.raw_type} {self.name}"
         if self.arrayDecl:
             ret = ret + "[]"
         return ret
@@ -909,7 +895,7 @@ def BuildFromFile(self, file):
                     "Method %s - Only HRESULT return types are supported." % self.name
                 )
             # 				raise error_not_supported,		if VERBOSE:
-            print("	 Method %s %s(" % (self.result, self.name))
+            print(f"	 Method {self.result} {self.name}(")
         while 1:
             arg = Argument(self.good_interface_names)
             try:
@@ -935,7 +921,7 @@ def __init__(self, mo):
         self.name = mo.group(2)
         self.base = mo.group(3)
         if VERBOSE:
-            print("Interface %s : public %s" % (self.name, self.base))
+            print(f"Interface {self.name} : public {self.base}")
 
     def BuildMethods(self, file):
         """Build all sub-methods for this interface"""
diff --git a/com/win32com/server/dispatcher.py b/com/win32com/server/dispatcher.py
index 71b91e7a59..eb0eaaaecd 100644
--- a/com/win32com/server/dispatcher.py
+++ b/com/win32com/server/dispatcher.py
@@ -150,8 +150,9 @@ def _QueryInterface_(self, iid):
         rc = DispatcherBase._QueryInterface_(self, iid)
         if not rc:
             self._trace_(
-                "in %s._QueryInterface_ with unsupported IID %s (%s)"
-                % (repr(self.policy._obj_), IIDToInterfaceName(iid), iid)
+                "in {}._QueryInterface_ with unsupported IID {} ({})".format(
+                    repr(self.policy._obj_), IIDToInterfaceName(iid), iid
+                )
             )
         return rc
 
@@ -177,8 +178,9 @@ def _GetDispID_(self, name, fdex):
 
     def _InvokeEx_(self, dispid, lcid, wFlags, args, kwargs, serviceProvider):
         self._trace_(
-            "in %r._InvokeEx_-%s%r [%x,%s,%r]"
-            % (self.policy._obj_, dispid, args, wFlags, lcid, serviceProvider)
+            "in {!r}._InvokeEx_-{}{!r} [{:x},{},{!r}]".format(
+                self.policy._obj_, dispid, args, wFlags, lcid, serviceProvider
+            )
         )
         return DispatcherBase._InvokeEx_(
             self, dispid, lcid, wFlags, args, kwargs, serviceProvider
diff --git a/com/win32com/server/exception.py b/com/win32com/server/exception.py
index e7f4d08060..599636e730 100644
--- a/com/win32com/server/exception.py
+++ b/com/win32com/server/exception.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def __init__(
         pythoncom.com_error.__init__(self, scode, self.description, None, -1)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<COM Exception - scode=%s, desc=%s>" % (self.scode, self.description)
+        return f"<COM Exception - scode={self.scode}, desc={self.description}>"
 
 
 # Old name for the COMException class.
diff --git a/com/win32com/server/policy.py b/com/win32com/server/policy.py
index aba1356dc6..7d46d83d02 100644
--- a/com/win32com/server/policy.py
+++ b/com/win32com/server/policy.py
@@ -223,9 +223,8 @@ def _CreateInstance_(self, clsid, reqIID):
             from win32com.util import IIDToInterfaceName
 
             desc = (
-                "The object '%r' was created, but does not support the "
-                "interface '%s'(%s): %s"
-                % (myob, IIDToInterfaceName(reqIID), reqIID, desc)
+                f"The object '{myob!r}' was created, but does not support the "
+                f"interface '{IIDToInterfaceName(reqIID)}'({reqIID}): {desc}"
             )
             raise pythoncom.com_error(hr, desc, exc, arg)
 
@@ -641,9 +640,7 @@ def _invokeex_(self, dispid, lcid, wFlags, args, kwArgs, serviceProvider):
                     # Particularly nasty is "wrong number of args" type error
                     # This helps you see what 'func' and 'args' actually is
                     if str(v).find("arguments") >= 0:
-                        print(
-                            "** TypeError %s calling function %r(%r)" % (v, func, args)
-                        )
+                        print(f"** TypeError {v} calling function {func!r}({args!r})")
                     raise
 
         if wFlags & DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET:
diff --git a/com/win32com/server/register.py b/com/win32com/server/register.py
index 250c20d5ca..211e7428b6 100644
--- a/com/win32com/server/register.py
+++ b/com/win32com/server/register.py
@@ -258,14 +258,14 @@ def RegisterServer(
             # If we are frozen, we write "{exe} /Automate", just
             # like "normal" .EXEs do
             exeName = win32api.GetShortPathName(sys.executable)
-            command = "%s /Automate" % (exeName,)
+            command = f"{exeName} /Automate"
         else:
             # Running from .py sources - we need to write
             # 'python.exe win32com\server\localserver.py {clsid}"
             exeName = _find_localserver_exe(1)
             exeName = win32api.GetShortPathName(exeName)
             pyfile = _find_localserver_module()
-            command = '%s "%s" %s' % (exeName, pyfile, str(clsid))
+            command = f'{exeName} "{pyfile}" {str(clsid)}'
         _set_string(keyNameRoot + "\\LocalServer32", command)
     else:  # Remove any old LocalServer32 registrations
         _remove_key(keyNameRoot + "\\LocalServer32")
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ def UnregisterServer(clsid, progID=None, verProgID=None, customKeys=None):
 
 def GetRegisteredServerOption(clsid, optionName):
     """Given a CLSID for a server and option name, return the option value"""
-    keyNameRoot = "CLSID\\%s\\%s" % (str(clsid), str(optionName))
+    keyNameRoot = f"CLSID\\{str(clsid)}\\{str(optionName)}"
     return _get_string(keyNameRoot)
 
 
@@ -589,8 +589,9 @@ def ReExecuteElevated(flags):
             print(os.path.splitdrive(cwd)[0], file=batf)
             print('cd "%s"' % os.getcwd(), file=batf)
             print(
-                '%s %s > "%s" 2>&1'
-                % (win32api.GetShortPathName(exe_to_run), new_params, outfile),
+                '{} {} > "{}" 2>&1'.format(
+                    win32api.GetShortPathName(exe_to_run), new_params, outfile
+                ),
                 file=batf,
             )
         finally:
@@ -624,7 +625,7 @@ def ReExecuteElevated(flags):
             try:
                 os.unlink(f)
             except OSError as exc:
-                print("Failed to remove tempfile '%s': %s" % (f, exc))
+                print(f"Failed to remove tempfile '{f}': {exc}")
 
 
 def UseCommandLine(*classes, **flags):
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/GenTestScripts.py b/com/win32com/test/GenTestScripts.py
index 08b19d5905..627560fded 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/GenTestScripts.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/GenTestScripts.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def GenerateFromRegistered(fname, *loadArgs):
     )
     f.close()
     print("compiling -", end=" ")
-    fullModName = "win32com.test.%s.%s" % (genDir, fname)
+    fullModName = f"win32com.test.{genDir}.{fname}"
     exec("import " + fullModName)
     # Inject the generated module as a top level module.
     sys.modules[fname] = sys.modules[fullModName]
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/daodump.py b/com/win32com/test/daodump.py
index c222087a51..a1c9d68c5f 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/daodump.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/daodump.py
@@ -38,10 +38,7 @@ def DumpFields(fields):
 
 def DumpRelations(db, bDeep=1):
     for relation in db.Relations:
-        print(
-            "Relation %s - %s->%s"
-            % (relation.Name, relation.Table, relation.ForeignTable)
-        )
+        print(f"Relation {relation.Name} - {relation.Table}->{relation.ForeignTable}")
 
 
 #### This dont work.  TLB says it is a Fields collection, but apparently not!
@@ -60,7 +57,7 @@ def DumpContainerDocuments(container):
         import time
 
         timeStr = time.ctime(int(doc.LastUpdated))
-        print("  %s - updated %s (" % (doc.Name, timeStr), end=" ")
+        print(f"  {doc.Name} - updated {timeStr} (", end=" ")
         print(doc.LastUpdated, ")")  # test the _print_ method?
 
 
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/errorSemantics.py b/com/win32com/test/errorSemantics.py
index 49ebae2f1c..ddeddc93ad 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/errorSemantics.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/errorSemantics.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def test():
             )
     # Check we saw a traceback in stderr
     if cap.get_captured().find("Traceback") < 0:
-        raise error("Could not find a traceback in stderr: %r" % (cap.get_captured(),))
+        raise error(f"Could not find a traceback in stderr: {cap.get_captured()!r}")
 
     # Now do it all again, but using IDispatch
     com_server = Dispatch(wrap(TestServer()))
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def test():
             )
     # Check we saw a traceback in stderr
     if cap.get_captured().find("Traceback") < 0:
-        raise error("Could not find a traceback in stderr: %r" % (cap.get_captured(),))
+        raise error(f"Could not find a traceback in stderr: {cap.get_captured()!r}")
 
     # And an explicit com_error
     cap.clear()
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/pippo_server.py b/com/win32com/test/pippo_server.py
index edcd91685e..1c2219d8c9 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/pippo_server.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/pippo_server.py
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ def BuildTypelib():
     idl = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(this_dir, "pippo.idl"))
     tlb = os.path.splitext(idl)[0] + ".tlb"
     if newer(idl, tlb):
-        print("Compiling %s" % (idl,))
-        rc = os.system('midl "%s"' % (idl,))
+        print(f"Compiling {idl}")
+        rc = os.system(f'midl "{idl}"')
         if rc:
             raise RuntimeError("Compiling MIDL failed!")
         # Can't work out how to prevent MIDL from generating the stubs.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def BuildTypelib():
         for fname in "dlldata.c pippo_i.c pippo_p.c pippo.h".split():
             os.remove(os.path.join(this_dir, fname))
 
-    print("Registering %s" % (tlb,))
+    print(f"Registering {tlb}")
     tli = pythoncom.LoadTypeLib(tlb)
     pythoncom.RegisterTypeLib(tli, tlb)
 
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testAXScript.py b/com/win32com/test/testAXScript.py
index c37a5aff74..d7a4553ed9 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testAXScript.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testAXScript.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def testHost(self):
         file = win32api.GetFullPathName(
             os.path.join(win32com.axscript.__path__[0], "test\\testHost.py")
         )
-        cmd = '%s "%s"' % (win32api.GetModuleFileName(0), file)
+        cmd = f'{win32api.GetModuleFileName(0)} "{file}"'
         if verbose:
             print("Testing Python Scripting host")
         win32com.test.util.ExecuteShellCommand(cmd, self)
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testCollections.py b/com/win32com/test/testCollections.py
index 9639c1395a..999c65b09f 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testCollections.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testCollections.py
@@ -36,15 +36,17 @@ def TestEnumAgainst(o, check):
     for i in range(len(check)):
         if o(i) != check[i]:
             raise error(
-                "Using default method gave the incorrect value - %s/%s"
-                % (repr(o(i)), repr(check[i]))
+                "Using default method gave the incorrect value - {}/{}".format(
+                    repr(o(i)), repr(check[i])
+                )
             )
 
     for i in range(len(check)):
         if o.Item(i) != check[i]:
             raise error(
-                "Using Item method gave the incorrect value - %s/%s"
-                % (repr(o(i)), repr(check[i]))
+                "Using Item method gave the incorrect value - {}/{}".format(
+                    repr(o(i)), repr(check[i])
+                )
             )
 
     # First try looping.
@@ -54,8 +56,9 @@ def TestEnumAgainst(o, check):
 
     if cmp[: len(check)] != check:
         raise error(
-            "Result after looping isnt correct - %s/%s"
-            % (repr(cmp[: len(check)]), repr(check))
+            "Result after looping isnt correct - {}/{}".format(
+                repr(cmp[: len(check)]), repr(check)
+            )
         )
 
     for i in range(len(check)):
@@ -109,14 +112,14 @@ def TestEnum(quiet=None):
         raise error("default method with no args worked when it shouldnt have!")
     except pythoncom.com_error as exc:
         if exc.hresult != winerror.DISP_E_BADPARAMCOUNT:
-            raise error("Expected DISP_E_BADPARAMCOUNT - got %s" % (exc,))
+            raise error(f"Expected DISP_E_BADPARAMCOUNT - got {exc}")
 
     try:
         o.Insert("foo", 2)
         raise error("Insert worked when it shouldnt have!")
     except pythoncom.com_error as exc:
         if exc.hresult != winerror.DISP_E_TYPEMISMATCH:
-            raise error("Expected DISP_E_TYPEMISMATCH - got %s" % (exc,))
+            raise error(f"Expected DISP_E_TYPEMISMATCH - got {exc}")
 
     # Remove the sublist for this test!
     try:
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ def TestEnum(quiet=None):
         raise error("Remove worked when it shouldnt have!")
     except pythoncom.com_error as exc:
         if exc.hresult != winerror.DISP_E_BADINDEX:
-            raise error("Expected DISP_E_BADINDEX - got %s" % (exc,))
+            raise error(f"Expected DISP_E_BADINDEX - got {exc}")
 
     # Test an empty collection
     if not quiet:
@@ -150,7 +153,7 @@ def TestEnum(quiet=None):
         raise error("Empty list could be indexed")
     except pythoncom.com_error as exc:
         if exc.hresult != winerror.DISP_E_BADINDEX:
-            raise error("Expected DISP_E_BADINDEX - got %s" % (exc,))
+            raise error(f"Expected DISP_E_BADINDEX - got {exc}")
 
 
 class TestCase(win32com.test.util.TestCase):
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testDCOM.py b/com/win32com/test/testDCOM.py
index 9f5a334e14..abb7aa4e75 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testDCOM.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testDCOM.py
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ def test(serverName):
     actualName = ob.Eval("win32api.GetComputerName()")
     if string.lower(serverName) != string.lower(actualName):
         print(
-            "Error: The object created on server '%s' reported its name as '%s'"
-            % (serverName, actualName)
+            "Error: The object created on server '{}' reported its name as '{}'".format(
+                serverName, actualName
+            )
         )
     else:
         print("Object created and tested OK on server '%s'" % serverName)
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testDictionary.py b/com/win32com/test/testDictionary.py
index 869cc1862f..c191dc4aa3 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testDictionary.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testDictionary.py
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ def TestDictAgainst(dict, check):
     for key, value in list(check.items()):
         if dict(key) != value:
             raise Exception(
-                "Indexing for '%s' gave the incorrect value - %s/%s"
-                % (repr(key), repr(dict[key]), repr(check[key]))
+                "Indexing for '{}' gave the incorrect value - {}/{}".format(
+                    repr(key), repr(dict[key]), repr(check[key])
+                )
             )
 
 
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testDynamic.py b/com/win32com/test/testDynamic.py
index 8dd1d82a67..ed0c5d1ddf 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testDynamic.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testDynamic.py
@@ -68,8 +68,9 @@ def Test():
         client.TestSequence = v
         if v != list(client.TestSequence):
             raise error(
-                "Dynamic sequences not working! %r/%r"
-                % (repr(v), repr(client.testSequence))
+                "Dynamic sequences not working! {!r}/{!r}".format(
+                    repr(v), repr(client.testSequence)
+                )
             )
 
         client.write("This", "output", "has", "come", "via", "testDynamic.py")
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testExchange.py b/com/win32com/test/testExchange.py
index b41a44726a..bad0e121e6 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testExchange.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testExchange.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def TestUser(session):
             id = PropTagsById[field.ID]
         except KeyError:
             id = field.ID
-        print("%s/%s=%s" % (field.Name, id, field.Value))
+        print(f"{field.Name}/{id}={field.Value}")
 
 
 def test():
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testGatewayAddresses.py b/com/win32com/test/testGatewayAddresses.py
index d489916992..6fb2e1836a 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testGatewayAddresses.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testGatewayAddresses.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def FailObjectIdentity(ob1, ob2, when):
     if not CheckObjectIdentity(ob1, ob2):
         global numErrors
         numErrors = numErrors + 1
-        print(when, "are not identical (%s, %s)" % (repr(ob1), repr(ob2)))
+        print(when, f"are not identical ({repr(ob1)}, {repr(ob2)})")
 
 
 class Dummy:
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testPyComTest.py b/com/win32com/test/testPyComTest.py
index c48490aefe..578376246f 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testPyComTest.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testPyComTest.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 def check_get_set(func, arg):
     got = func(arg)
     if got != arg:
-        raise error("%s failed - expected %r, got %r" % (func, arg, got))
+        raise error(f"{func} failed - expected {arg!r}, got {got!r}")
 
 
 def check_get_set_raises(exc, func, arg):
@@ -59,9 +59,7 @@ def check_get_set_raises(exc, func, arg):
     except exc as e:
         pass  # what we expect!
     else:
-        raise error(
-            "%s with arg %r didn't raise %s - returned %r" % (func, arg, exc, got)
-        )
+        raise error(f"{func} with arg {arg!r} didn't raise {exc} - returned {got!r}")
 
 
 def progress(*args):
@@ -80,18 +78,17 @@ def TestApplyResult(fn, args, result):
     pref = "function " + fnName
     rc = fn(*args)
     if rc != result:
-        raise error("%s failed - result not %r but %r" % (pref, result, rc))
+        raise error(f"{pref} failed - result not {result!r} but {rc!r}")
 
 
 def TestConstant(constName, pyConst):
     try:
         comConst = getattr(constants, constName)
     except:
-        raise error("Constant %s missing" % (constName,))
+        raise error(f"Constant {constName} missing")
     if comConst != pyConst:
         raise error(
-            "Constant value wrong for %s - got %s, wanted %s"
-            % (constName, comConst, pyConst)
+            f"Constant value wrong for {constName} - got {comConst}, wanted {pyConst}"
         )
 
 
@@ -160,7 +157,7 @@ def TestCommon(o, is_generated):
     # CoClass instances have `default_interface`
     expected_class = getattr(expected_class, "default_interface", expected_class)
     if not isinstance(o.GetSetDispatch(o), expected_class):
-        raise error("GetSetDispatch failed: %r" % (o.GetSetDispatch(o),))
+        raise error(f"GetSetDispatch failed: {o.GetSetDispatch(o)!r}")
     progress("Checking getting/passing IDispatch of known type")
     expected_class = o.__class__
     expected_class = getattr(expected_class, "default_interface", expected_class)
@@ -285,11 +282,11 @@ def TestCommon(o, is_generated):
     # currency.
     pythoncom.__future_currency__ = 1
     if o.CurrencyProp != 0:
-        raise error("Expecting 0, got %r" % (o.CurrencyProp,))
+        raise error(f"Expecting 0, got {o.CurrencyProp!r}")
     for val in ("1234.5678", "1234.56", "1234"):
         o.CurrencyProp = decimal.Decimal(val)
         if o.CurrencyProp != decimal.Decimal(val):
-            raise error("%s got %r" % (val, o.CurrencyProp))
+            raise error(f"{val} got {o.CurrencyProp!r}")
     v1 = decimal.Decimal("1234.5678")
     TestApplyResult(o.DoubleCurrency, (v1,), v1 * 2)
 
@@ -434,7 +431,7 @@ def TestGenerated():
     if not isinstance(i1, DispatchBaseClass) or not isinstance(i2, DispatchBaseClass):
         # Yay - is now an instance returned!
         raise error(
-            "GetMultipleInterfaces did not return instances - got '%s', '%s'" % (i1, i2)
+            f"GetMultipleInterfaces did not return instances - got '{i1}', '{i2}'"
         )
     del i1
     del i2
@@ -553,7 +550,7 @@ def _TestPyVariant(o, is_generated, val, checker=None):
 def _TestPyVariantFails(o, is_generated, val, exc):
     try:
         _TestPyVariant(o, is_generated, val)
-        raise error("Setting %r didn't raise %s" % (val, exc))
+        raise error(f"Setting {val!r} didn't raise {exc}")
     except exc:
         pass
 
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testStorage.py b/com/win32com/test/testStorage.py
index 3bbe776ce2..27ae640e0d 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testStorage.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testStorage.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def testit(self):
                 ):
                     pass
                 else:
-                    self.fail("Uxexpected property %s/%s" % (p, p_val))
+                    self.fail(f"Uxexpected property {p}/{p_val}")
             ps = None
             ## FMTID_UserDefinedProperties can't exist without FMTID_DocSummaryInformation, and isn't returned independently from Enum
             ## also can't be open at same time
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testall.py b/com/win32com/test/testall.py
index 6ca312e344..1e44989059 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testall.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testall.py
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def testit(self):
         # Execute testPyComTest in its own process so it can play
         # with the Python thread state
         fname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(this_file), "testPyComTest.py")
-        cmd = '%s "%s" -q 2>&1' % (sys.executable, fname)
+        cmd = f'{sys.executable} "{fname}" -q 2>&1'
         data = ExecuteSilentlyIfOK(cmd, self)
 
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def testit(self):
 
         python = sys.executable
         fname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(this_file), "testPippo.py")
-        cmd = '%s "%s" 2>&1' % (python, fname)
+        cmd = f'{python} "{fname}" 2>&1'
         ExecuteSilentlyIfOK(cmd, self)
 
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ def make_test_suite(test_level=1):
         for mod_name in unittest_modules[i]:
             mod, func = get_test_mod_and_func(mod_name, import_failures)
             if mod is None:
-                raise Exception("no such module '{}'".format(mod_name))
+                raise Exception(f"no such module '{mod_name}'")
             if func is not None:
                 test = CapturingFunctionTestCase(func, description=mod_name)
             else:
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ def usage(why):
         )
         for mod_name, (exc_type, exc_val) in import_failures:
             desc = "\n".join(traceback.format_exception_only(exc_type, exc_val))
-            testResult.stream.write("%s: %s" % (mod_name, desc))
+            testResult.stream.write(f"{mod_name}: {desc}")
         testResult.stream.writeln(
             "*** %d test(s) could not be run ***" % len(import_failures)
         )
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testmakepy.py b/com/win32com/test/testmakepy.py
index 2eeb881871..2d414d3d8b 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testmakepy.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testmakepy.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def TestBuildAll(verbose=1):
     tlbInfos = selecttlb.EnumTlbs()
     for info in tlbInfos:
         if verbose:
-            print("%s (%s)" % (info.desc, info.dll))
+            print(f"{info.desc} ({info.dll})")
         try:
             makepy.GenerateFromTypeLibSpec(info)
             #          sys.stderr.write("Attr typeflags for coclass referenced object %s=%d (%d), typekind=%d\n" % (name, refAttr.wTypeFlags, refAttr.wTypeFlags & pythoncom.TYPEFLAG_FDUAL,refAttr.typekind))
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testvb.py b/com/win32com/test/testvb.py
index c82b4e73fb..bd188ca0c2 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testvb.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testvb.py
@@ -96,8 +96,9 @@ def TestVB(vbtest, bUseGenerated):
     vbtest.VariantProperty = (1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
     if vbtest.VariantProperty != (1.0, 2.0, 3.0):
         raise error(
-            "Could not set the variant property to an array of floats correctly - '%s'."
-            % (vbtest.VariantProperty,)
+            "Could not set the variant property to an array of floats correctly - '{}'.".format(
+                vbtest.VariantProperty
+            )
         )
 
     TestArrays(vbtest, bUseGenerated)
@@ -185,17 +186,16 @@ def _getcount(ob):
     for item in c:
         check.append(item)
     if check != list(expected):
-        raise error(
-            "Collection %s didn't have %r (had %r)" % (col_name, expected, check)
-        )
+        raise error(f"Collection {col_name} didn't have {expected!r} (had {check!r})")
     # Just looping over the collection again works (ie, is restartable)
     check = []
     for item in c:
         check.append(item)
     if check != list(expected):
         raise error(
-            "Collection 2nd time around %s didn't have %r (had %r)"
-            % (col_name, expected, check)
+            "Collection 2nd time around {} didn't have {!r} (had {!r})".format(
+                col_name, expected, check
+            )
         )
     # Check we can get it via iter()
     i = iter(getattr(vbtest, col_name))
@@ -204,8 +204,9 @@ def _getcount(ob):
         check.append(item)
     if check != list(expected):
         raise error(
-            "Collection iterator %s didn't have %r 2nd time around (had %r)"
-            % (col_name, expected, check)
+            "Collection iterator {} didn't have {!r} 2nd time around (had {!r})".format(
+                col_name, expected, check
+            )
         )
     # but an iterator is not restartable
     check = []
@@ -213,16 +214,16 @@ def _getcount(ob):
         check.append(item)
     if check != []:
         raise error(
-            "2nd time around Collection iterator %s wasn't empty (had %r)"
-            % (col_name, check)
+            "2nd time around Collection iterator {} wasn't empty (had {!r})".format(
+                col_name, check
+            )
         )
 
     # Check len()==Count()
     c = getattr(vbtest, col_name)
     if len(c) != _getcount(c):
         raise error(
-            "Collection %s __len__(%r) wasn't==Count(%r)"
-            % (col_name, len(c), _getcount(c))
+            f"Collection {col_name} __len__({len(c)!r}) wasn't==Count({_getcount(c)!r})"
         )
     # Check we can do it with zero based indexing.
     c = getattr(vbtest, col_name)
@@ -230,9 +231,7 @@ def _getcount(ob):
     for i in range(_getcount(c)):
         check.append(c[i])
     if check != list(expected):
-        raise error(
-            "Collection %s didn't have %r (had %r)" % (col_name, expected, check)
-        )
+        raise error(f"Collection {col_name} didn't have {expected!r} (had {check!r})")
 
     # Check we can do it with our old "Skip/Next" methods.
     c = getattr(vbtest, col_name)._NewEnum()
@@ -243,9 +242,7 @@ def _getcount(ob):
             break
         check.append(n[0])
     if check != list(expected):
-        raise error(
-            "Collection %s didn't have %r (had %r)" % (col_name, expected, check)
-        )
+        raise error(f"Collection {col_name} didn't have {expected!r} (had {check!r})")
 
 
 def TestCollections(vbtest):
@@ -271,7 +268,7 @@ def _DoTestArray(vbtest, data, expected_exception=None):
     got = vbtest.ArrayProperty
     if got != data:
         raise error(
-            "Could not set the array data correctly - got %r, expected %r" % (got, data)
+            f"Could not set the array data correctly - got {got!r}, expected {data!r}"
         )
 
 
@@ -332,7 +329,7 @@ def TestArrays(vbtest, bUseGenerated):
     except pythoncom.com_error as exc:
         assert (
             exc.excepinfo[1] == "Python COM Server Internal Error"
-        ), "Didnt get the correct exception - '%s'" % (exc,)
+        ), f"Didnt get the correct exception - '{exc}'"
 
     if bUseGenerated:
         # This one is a bit strange!  The array param is "ByRef", as VB insists.
@@ -355,11 +352,11 @@ def TestArrays(vbtest, bUseGenerated):
         assert testData == list(resultData)
         testData = ["hi", "from", "Python"]
         resultData, byRefParam = vbtest.PassSAFEARRAYVariant(testData)
-        assert testData == list(byRefParam), "Expected '%s', got '%s'" % (
+        assert testData == list(byRefParam), "Expected '{}', got '{}'".format(
             testData,
             list(byRefParam),
         )
-        assert testData == list(resultData), "Expected '%s', got '%s'" % (
+        assert testData == list(resultData), "Expected '{}', got '{}'".format(
             testData,
             list(resultData),
         )
@@ -486,11 +483,13 @@ def TestStructs(vbtest):
         assert "foo" in str(exc), exc
 
     # test repr - it uses repr() of the sub-objects, so check it matches.
-    expected = "com_struct(int_val=%r, str_val=%r, ob_val=%r, sub_val=%r)" % (
-        s.int_val,
-        s.str_val,
-        s.ob_val,
-        s.sub_val,
+    expected = (
+        "com_struct(int_val={!r}, str_val={!r}, ob_val={!r}, sub_val={!r})".format(
+            s.int_val,
+            s.str_val,
+            s.ob_val,
+            s.sub_val,
+        )
     )
     if repr(s) != expected:
         print("Expected repr:", expected)
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testxslt.py b/com/win32com/test/testxslt.py
index 62780ff429..26e089795c 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testxslt.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testxslt.py
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ def testAll(self):
             try:
                 got = f.read()
                 if got != expected_output:
-                    print("ERROR: XSLT expected output of %r" % (expected_output,))
-                    print("but got %r" % (got,))
+                    print(f"ERROR: XSLT expected output of {expected_output!r}")
+                    print(f"but got {got!r}")
             finally:
                 f.close()
         finally:
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/util.py b/com/win32com/test/util.py
index 1704f63267..73dfd1f2a0 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/util.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/util.py
@@ -53,9 +53,11 @@ def RegisterPythonServer(filename, progids=None, verbose=0):
                 "pythoncomloader%d%d.dll" % (sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]),
             ]
             if os.path.basename(dll) not in ok_files:
-                why_not = "%r is registered against a different Python version (%s)" % (
-                    progid,
-                    dll,
+                why_not = (
+                    "{!r} is registered against a different Python version ({})".format(
+                        progid,
+                        dll,
+                    )
                 )
                 break
         else:
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ def RegisterPythonServer(filename, progids=None, verbose=0):
         # them the same way as "real" errors.
         raise pythoncom.com_error(winerror.CO_E_CLASSSTRING, msg, None, -1)
     # so theoretically we are able to register it.
-    cmd = '%s "%s" --unattended > nul 2>&1' % (win32api.GetModuleFileName(0), filename)
+    cmd = f'{win32api.GetModuleFileName(0)} "{filename}" --unattended > nul 2>&1'
     if verbose:
         print("Registering engine", filename)
     #       print cmd
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ class Failed(Exception):
         if rc:
             raise Failed("exit code was " + str(rc))
         if expected_output is not None and output != expected_output:
-            raise Failed("Expected output %r (got %r)" % (expected_output, output))
+            raise Failed(f"Expected output {expected_output!r} (got {output!r})")
         if not tracebacks_ok and output.find("Traceback (most recent call last)") >= 0:
             raise Failed("traceback in program output")
         return output
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ class Failed(Exception):
         print("** start of program output **")
         print(output)
         print("** end of program output **")
-        testcase.fail("Executing '%s' failed as %s" % (cmd, why))
+        testcase.fail(f"Executing '{cmd}' failed as {why}")
 
 
 def assertRaisesCOM_HRESULT(testcase, hresult, func, *args, **kw):
diff --git a/com/win32com/universal.py b/com/win32com/universal.py
index f7d86e4dde..6a87f6857e 100644
--- a/com/win32com/universal.py
+++ b/com/win32com/universal.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def RegisterInterfaces(typelibGUID, lcid, major, minor, interface_names=None):
             # Not sure why we don't get an exception here - BindType's C
             # impl looks correct..
             if type_info is None:
-                raise ValueError("The interface '%s' can not be located" % (name,))
+                raise ValueError(f"The interface '{name}' can not be located")
             # If we got back a Dispatch interface, convert to the real interface.
             attr = type_info.GetTypeAttr()
             if attr.typekind == pythoncom.TKIND_DISPATCH:
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ def RegisterInterfaces(typelibGUID, lcid, major, minor, interface_names=None):
                 iid = mod.NamesToIIDMap[name]
             except KeyError:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    "Interface '%s' does not exist in this cached typelib" % (name,)
+                    f"Interface '{name}' does not exist in this cached typelib"
                 )
             #            print "Processing interface", name
             sub_mod = gencache.GetModuleForCLSID(iid)
             is_dispatch = getattr(sub_mod, name + "_vtables_dispatch_", None)
             method_defs = getattr(sub_mod, name + "_vtables_", None)
             if is_dispatch is None or method_defs is None:
-                raise ValueError("Interface '%s' is IDispatch only" % (name,))
+                raise ValueError(f"Interface '{name}' is IDispatch only")
 
             # And create the univgw defn
             _doCreateVTable(iid, name, is_dispatch, method_defs)
@@ -215,8 +215,9 @@ def dispatch(
                 retVal = retVal[1:]
             else:
                 raise TypeError(
-                    "Expected %s return values, got: %s"
-                    % (len(meth._gw_out_args) + 1, len(retVal))
+                    "Expected {} return values, got: {}".format(
+                        len(meth._gw_out_args) + 1, len(retVal)
+                    )
                 )
         else:
             retVal = [retVal]
diff --git a/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/scp.py b/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/scp.py
index cc96e5a878..6f2c252839 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/scp.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/scp.py
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ def AllowAccessToScpProperties(
     setattr(scpObject, attribute, sd)
     # SetInfo updates the SCP object in the directory.
     scpObject.SetInfo()
-    logger.info("Set security on object for account '%s'" % (trustee,))
+    logger.info(f"Set security on object for account '{trustee}'")
 
 
 # Service Principal Names functions from the same sample.
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ def main():
     arg_descs = []
     for arg, func in handlers:
         this_desc = "\n".join(textwrap.wrap(func.__doc__, subsequent_indent=" " * 8))
-        arg_descs.append("  %s: %s" % (arg, this_desc))
+        arg_descs.append(f"  {arg}: {this_desc}")
         _handlers_dict[arg.lower()] = func
 
     description = __doc__ + "\ncommands:\n" + "\n".join(arg_descs) + "\n"
diff --git a/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/search.py b/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/search.py
index 22c6a25811..a577da2c71 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/search.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/search.py
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ def print_attribute(col_data):
         value = [converters.get(prop_name, _null_converter)(v[0]) for v in values]
         if len(value) == 1:
             value = value[0]
-        print(" %s=%r" % (prop_name, value))
+        print(f" {prop_name}={value!r}")
     else:
-        print(" %s is None" % (prop_name,))
+        print(f" {prop_name} is None")
 
 
 def search():
diff --git a/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/test.py b/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/test.py
index d5b8fde98e..cae728afda 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/test.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/adsi/demos/test.py
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ def DumpRoot():
     rootdse = ADsGetObject(path)
 
     for item in rootdse.Get("SupportedLDAPVersion"):
-        print("%s supports ldap version %s" % (path, item))
+        print(f"{path} supports ldap version {item}")
 
     attributes = ["CurrentTime", "defaultNamingContext"]
     for attr in attributes:
         val = rootdse.Get(attr)
-        print(" %s=%s" % (attr, val))
+        print(f" {attr}={val}")
 
 
 ###############################################
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ def _DumpTheseAttributes(child, attrs):
             (hr, msg, exc, arg) = details
             if exc and exc[2]:
                 msg = exc[2]
-            val = "<Error: %s>" % (msg,)
+            val = f"<Error: {msg}>"
         if verbose_level >= 2:
-            print(" %s: %s=%s" % (child.Class, attr, val))
+            print(f" {child.Class}: {attr}={val}")
 
 
 def DumpSchema():
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def DumpSchema():
 
 def _DumpObject(ob, level=0):
     prefix = "  " * level
-    print("%s%s object: %s" % (prefix, ob.Class, ob.Name))
+    print(f"{prefix}{ob.Class} object: {ob.Name}")
     # Do the directory object thing
     try:
         dir_ob = ADsGetObject(ob.ADsPath, IID_IDirectoryObject)
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ def _DumpObject(ob, level=0):
         dir_ob = None
     if dir_ob is not None:
         info = dir_ob.GetObjectInformation()
-        print("%s RDN='%s', ObjectDN='%s'" % (prefix, info.RDN, info.ObjectDN))
+        print(f"{prefix} RDN='{info.RDN}', ObjectDN='{info.ObjectDN}'")
         # Create a list of names to fetch
         names = ["distinguishedName"]
         attrs = dir_ob.GetObjectAttributes(names)
         for attr in attrs:
             for val, typ in attr.Values:
-                print("%s Attribute '%s' = %s" % (prefix, attr.AttrName, val))
+                print(f"{prefix} Attribute '{attr.AttrName}' = {val}")
 
     for child in ob:
         _DumpObject(child, level + 1)
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ def DumpAllObjects():
 
 def DumpSchema2():
     "Dumps the schema using an alternative technique"
-    path = "LDAP://%sschema" % (server,)
+    path = f"LDAP://{server}schema"
     schema = ADsGetObject(path, IID_IADsContainer)
     nclass = nprop = nsyntax = 0
     for item in schema:
@@ -158,8 +158,9 @@ def DumpSchema2():
             iid_name = win32com.util.IIDToInterfaceName(item.PrimaryInterface)
             if verbose_level >= 2:
                 print(
-                    "Class: Name=%s, Flags=%s, Primary Interface=%s"
-                    % (item.Name, desc, iid_name)
+                    "Class: Name={}, Flags={}, Primary Interface={}".format(
+                        item.Name, desc, iid_name
+                    )
                 )
             nclass = nclass + 1
         elif item_class == "property":
@@ -168,12 +169,12 @@ def DumpSchema2():
             else:
                 val_type = "Single-Valued"
             if verbose_level >= 2:
-                print("Property: Name=%s, %s" % (item.Name, val_type))
+                print(f"Property: Name={item.Name}, {val_type}")
             nprop = nprop + 1
         elif item_class == "syntax":
             data_type = vt_map.get(item.OleAutoDataType, "<unknown type>")
             if verbose_level >= 2:
-                print("Syntax: Name=%s, Datatype = %s" % (item.Name, data_type))
+                print(f"Syntax: Name={item.Name}, Datatype = {data_type}")
             nsyntax = nsyntax + 1
     if verbose_level >= 1:
         print("Processed", nclass, "classes")
@@ -185,30 +186,30 @@ def DumpGC():
     "Dumps the GC: object (whatever that is!)"
     ob = ADsGetObject("GC:", IID_IADsContainer)
     for sub_ob in ob:
-        print("GC ob: %s (%s)" % (sub_ob.Name, sub_ob.ADsPath))
+        print(f"GC ob: {sub_ob.Name} ({sub_ob.ADsPath})")
 
 
 def DumpLocalUsers():
     "Dumps the local machine users"
-    path = "WinNT://%s,computer" % (local_name,)
+    path = f"WinNT://{local_name},computer"
     ob = ADsGetObject(path, IID_IADsContainer)
     ob.put_Filter(["User", "Group"])
     for sub_ob in ob:
-        print("User/Group: %s (%s)" % (sub_ob.Name, sub_ob.ADsPath))
+        print(f"User/Group: {sub_ob.Name} ({sub_ob.ADsPath})")
 
 
 def DumpLocalGroups():
     "Dumps the local machine groups"
-    path = "WinNT://%s,computer" % (local_name,)
+    path = f"WinNT://{local_name},computer"
     ob = ADsGetObject(path, IID_IADsContainer)
 
     ob.put_Filter(["Group"])
     for sub_ob in ob:
-        print("Group: %s (%s)" % (sub_ob.Name, sub_ob.ADsPath))
+        print(f"Group: {sub_ob.Name} ({sub_ob.ADsPath})")
         # get the members
         members = sub_ob.Members()
         for member in members:
-            print("  Group member: %s (%s)" % (member.Name, member.ADsPath))
+            print(f"  Group member: {member.Name} ({member.ADsPath})")
 
 
 def usage(tests):
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axdebug/Test/host.py b/com/win32comext/axdebug/Test/host.py
index da99b1b2fe..f1ec148f60 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axdebug/Test/host.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axdebug/Test/host.py
@@ -49,8 +49,9 @@ def _query_interface_(self, iid):
         from win32com.util import IIDToInterfaceName
 
         trace(
-            "PySourceModuleDebugDocumentHost QI with %s (%s)"
-            % (IIDToInterfaceName(iid), str(iid))
+            "PySourceModuleDebugDocumentHost QI with {} ({})".format(
+                IIDToInterfaceName(iid), str(iid)
+            )
         )
         return 0
 
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axdebug/adb.py b/com/win32comext/axdebug/adb.py
index 812c23e62a..68850b5c1b 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axdebug/adb.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axdebug/adb.py
@@ -427,8 +427,9 @@ def OnBreakFlagChange(self, abf, rdat):
 
     def _BreakFlagsChanged(self):
         traceenter(
-            "_BreakFlagsChanged to %s with our thread = %s, and debugging thread = %s"
-            % (self.breakFlags, self.debuggingThread, win32api.GetCurrentThreadId())
+            "_BreakFlagsChanged to {} with our thread = {}, and debugging thread = {}".format(
+                self.breakFlags, self.debuggingThread, win32api.GetCurrentThreadId()
+            )
         )
         trace("_BreakFlagsChanged has breaks", self.breaks)
         # If a request comes on our debugging thread, then do it now!
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axdebug/dump.py b/com/win32comext/axdebug/dump.py
index 26ee51e0d0..c47654fb1c 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axdebug/dump.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axdebug/dump.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def DumpDebugApplicationNode(node, level=0):
             info = node.GetName(attr)
         except pythoncom.com_error:
             info = "<N/A>"
-        print("%s%s: %s" % (spacer, desc, info))
+        print(f"{spacer}{desc}: {info}")
     try:
         doc = node.GetDocument()
     except pythoncom.com_error:
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def DumpDebugApplicationNode(node, level=0):
             "%sText is %s, %d bytes long" % (spacer, repr(text[:40] + "..."), len(text))
         )
     else:
-        print("%s%s" % (spacer, "<No document available>"))
+        print("{}{}".format(spacer, "<No document available>"))
 
     for child in Enumerator(node.EnumChildren()):
         DumpDebugApplicationNode(child, level + 1)
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axdebug/util.py b/com/win32comext/axdebug/util.py
index c3d4f733f6..ff0af1720d 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axdebug/util.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axdebug/util.py
@@ -129,9 +129,7 @@ def _Invoke_(self, dispid, lcid, wFlags, args):
                 desc = " (" + str(v.description) + ")"
             except AttributeError:
                 desc = ""
-            print(
-                "*** Invoke of %s raised COM exception 0x%x%s" % (dispid, scode, desc)
-            )
+            print(f"*** Invoke of {dispid} raised COM exception 0x{scode:x}{desc}")
         except:
             print("*** Invoke of %s failed:" % dispid)
             typ, val, tb = sys.exc_info()
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axscript/client/error.py b/com/win32comext/axscript/client/error.py
index b92c15741b..c4d24db9de 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axscript/client/error.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axscript/client/error.py
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def _BuildFromSyntaxError(self, site, exc, tb):
         try:
             msg = value[0]
         except:
-            msg = "Unknown Error (%s)" % (value,)
+            msg = f"Unknown Error ({value})"
         try:
             (filename, lineno, offset, line) = value[1]
             # Some of these may be None, which upsets us!
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def _BuildFromOther(self, site, exc_type, value, tb):
         bits = ["Traceback (most recent call last):\n"]
         bits.extend(traceback.format_list(format_items))
         if exc_type == pythoncom.com_error:
-            desc = "%s (0x%x)" % (value.strerror, value.hresult)
+            desc = f"{value.strerror} (0x{value.hresult:x})"
             if (
                 value.hresult == winerror.DISP_E_EXCEPTION
                 and value.excepinfo
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axscript/client/framework.py b/com/win32comext/axscript/client/framework.py
index 85021c4488..f94c553111 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axscript/client/framework.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axscript/client/framework.py
@@ -744,8 +744,9 @@ def SetScriptSite(self, site):
         except:
             traceback.print_exc()
             trace(
-                "*** Debugger Manager could not initialize - %s: %s"
-                % (sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1])
+                "*** Debugger Manager could not initialize - {}: {}".format(
+                    sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1]
+                )
             )
             self.debugManager = None
 
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axscript/client/pyscript.py b/com/win32comext/axscript/client/pyscript.py
index b359791051..0ce08fc35e 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axscript/client/pyscript.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axscript/client/pyscript.py
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ def DoParseScriptText(
         num = self._GetNextCodeBlockNumber()
         if num == 1:
             num = ""
-        name = "%s %s" % (name, num)
+        name = f"{name} {num}"
         codeBlock = AXScriptCodeBlock(
             name, code, sourceContextCookie, startLineNumber, flags
         )
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axscript/test/testHost.py b/com/win32comext/axscript/test/testHost.py
index 466bdb3ac5..ee6210fa65 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axscript/test/testHost.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axscript/test/testHost.py
@@ -155,8 +155,7 @@ def _CheckEngineState(engine, name, state):
         got_name = state_map.get(got, str(got))
         state_name = state_map.get(state, str(state))
         raise RuntimeError(
-            "Warning - engine %s has state %s, but expected %s"
-            % (name, got_name, state_name)
+            f"Warning - engine {name} has state {got_name}, but expected {state_name}"
         )
 
 
@@ -180,18 +179,16 @@ def _TestEngine(self, engineName, code, expected_exc=None):
                 ob.hello("Goober")
                 self.assertTrue(
                     expected_exc is None,
-                    "Expected %r, but no exception seen" % (expected_exc,),
+                    f"Expected {expected_exc!r}, but no exception seen",
                 )
             except pythoncom.com_error:
                 if expected_exc is None:
                     self.fail(
-                        "Unexpected failure from script code: %s"
-                        % (site.exception_seen,)
+                        f"Unexpected failure from script code: {site.exception_seen}"
                     )
                 if expected_exc not in site.exception_seen[2]:
                     self.fail(
-                        "Could not find %r in %r"
-                        % (expected_exc, site.exception_seen[2])
+                        f"Could not find {expected_exc!r} in {site.exception_seen[2]!r}"
                     )
                 return
             self.assertEqual(echoer.last, "Goober")
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axscript/test/testHost4Dbg.py b/com/win32comext/axscript/test/testHost4Dbg.py
index 3bfafd676d..9b38a9ef4a 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axscript/test/testHost4Dbg.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axscript/test/testHost4Dbg.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def TestEngine():
         pyEngine.Start()  # Actually run the Python code
         vbEngine.Start()  # Actually run the VB code
     except pythoncom.com_error as details:
-        print("Script failed: %s (0x%x)" % (details[1], details[0]))
+        print(f"Script failed: {details[1]} (0x{details[0]:x})")
     # Now run the code expected to fail!
     #  try:
     #    pyEngine2.Start() # Actually run the Python code that fails!
diff --git a/com/win32comext/bits/test/test_bits.py b/com/win32comext/bits/test/test_bits.py
index 6ff7005fb6..d414e074b8 100755
--- a/com/win32comext/bits/test/test_bits.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/bits/test/test_bits.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def _print_error(self, err):
             hresult_msg = win32api.FormatMessage(hresult)
         except win32api.error:
             hresult_msg = ""
-        print("Context=0x%x, hresult=0x%x (%s)" % (ctx, hresult, hresult_msg))
+        print(f"Context=0x{ctx:x}, hresult=0x{hresult:x} ({hresult_msg})")
         print(err.GetErrorDescription())
 
     def JobModification(self, job, reserved):
diff --git a/com/win32comext/ifilter/demo/filterDemo.py b/com/win32comext/ifilter/demo/filterDemo.py
index 91b3c7c17b..513f70081c 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/ifilter/demo/filterDemo.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/ifilter/demo/filterDemo.py
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ def Parse(self, fileName, maxErrors=10):
                         # the set guid and property id. (note: the id can be a number or a string.
                         propSet = self.propertyToName.get(attr[0])
                         if propSet:
-                            propName = propSet.get(attr[1], "%s:%s" % attr)
+                            propName = propSet.get(attr[1], "{}:{}".format(*attr))
                         else:
-                            propName = "%s:%s" % attr
+                            propName = "{}:{}".format(*attr)
 
                     except pythoncom.com_error as e:
                         if e[0] == FILTER_E_END_OF_CHUNKS:
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def _trace(self, *args):
 def _usage():
     import os
 
-    print("Usage: %s filename [verbose [dumpbody]]" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]),))
+    print(f"Usage: {os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])} filename [verbose [dumpbody]]")
     print()
     print("Where:-")
     print("filename = name of the file to extract text & properties from")
diff --git a/com/win32comext/mapi/mapiutil.py b/com/win32comext/mapi/mapiutil.py
index 03d2a63982..bf13788076 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/mapi/mapiutil.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/mapi/mapiutil.py
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def SetPropertyValue(obj, prop, val):
             type_tag = _MapiTypeMap.get(type(val))
             if type_tag is None:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    "Don't know what to do with '%r' ('%s')" % (val, type(val))
+                    f"Don't know what to do with '{val!r}' ('{type(val)}')"
                 )
         prop = mapitags.PROP_TAG(type_tag, mapitags.PROP_ID(propIds[0]))
     if val is None:
@@ -201,8 +201,7 @@ def SetProperties(msg, propDict):
                 tagType = mapitags.PT_SYSTIME
             else:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    "The type of object %s(%s) can not be written"
-                    % (repr(val), type(val))
+                    f"The type of object {repr(val)}({type(val)}) can not be written"
                 )
             key = mapitags.PROP_TAG(tagType, mapitags.PROP_ID(newIds[newIdNo]))
             newIdNo = newIdNo + 1
diff --git a/com/win32comext/shell/demos/ITransferAdviseSink.py b/com/win32comext/shell/demos/ITransferAdviseSink.py
index dfd25eb513..ae4a7dea71 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/shell/demos/ITransferAdviseSink.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/shell/demos/ITransferAdviseSink.py
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ def UpdateProgress(
         FoldersTotal,
     ):
         print("UpdateProgress - processed so far:")
-        print("\t %s out of %s bytes" % (SizeCurrent, SizeTotal))
-        print("\t %s out of %s files" % (FilesCurrent, FilesTotal))
-        print("\t %s out of %s folders" % (FoldersCurrent, FoldersTotal))
+        print(f"\t {SizeCurrent} out of {SizeTotal} bytes")
+        print(f"\t {FilesCurrent} out of {FilesTotal} files")
+        print(f"\t {FoldersCurrent} out of {FoldersTotal} folders")
 
     def UpdateTransferState(self, State):
         print(
diff --git a/com/win32comext/shell/demos/servers/empty_volume_cache.py b/com/win32comext/shell/demos/servers/empty_volume_cache.py
index 6a0fb6a193..e5c8aa1636 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/shell/demos/servers/empty_volume_cache.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/shell/demos/servers/empty_volume_cache.py
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def DllRegisterServer():
     # See link at top of file.
     import winreg
 
-    kn = r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\%s" % (
+    kn = r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\{}".format(
         EmptyVolumeCache._reg_desc_,
     )
     key = winreg.CreateKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, kn)
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def DllRegisterServer():
 def DllUnregisterServer():
     import winreg
 
-    kn = r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\%s" % (
+    kn = r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\{}".format(
         EmptyVolumeCache._reg_desc_,
     )
     try:
diff --git a/com/win32comext/shell/demos/servers/folder_view.py b/com/win32comext/shell/demos/servers/folder_view.py
index 08ca34731c..784fde81b2 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/shell/demos/servers/folder_view.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/shell/demos/servers/folder_view.py
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ def DllRegisterServer():
     s = struct.pack("i", attr)
     winreg.SetValueEx(key, "Attributes", 0, winreg.REG_BINARY, s)
     # register the context menu handler under the FolderViewSampleType type.
-    keypath = "%s\\shellex\\ContextMenuHandlers\\%s" % (
+    keypath = "{}\\shellex\\ContextMenuHandlers\\{}".format(
         ContextMenu._context_menu_type_,
         ContextMenu._reg_desc_,
     )
@@ -838,8 +838,9 @@ def DllUnregisterServer():
     paths = [
         "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Desktop\\Namespace\\"
         + ShellFolder._reg_clsid_,
-        "%s\\shellex\\ContextMenuHandlers\\%s"
-        % (ContextMenu._context_menu_type_, ContextMenu._reg_desc_),
+        "{}\\shellex\\ContextMenuHandlers\\{}".format(
+            ContextMenu._context_menu_type_, ContextMenu._reg_desc_
+        ),
     ]
     for path in paths:
         try:
@@ -848,7 +849,7 @@ def DllUnregisterServer():
             import errno
 
             if details.errno != errno.ENOENT:
-                print("FAILED to remove %s: %s" % (path, details))
+                print(f"FAILED to remove {path}: {details}")
 
     propsys.PSUnregisterPropertySchema(get_schema_fname())
     print(ShellFolder._reg_desc_, "unregistration complete.")
diff --git a/isapi/install.py b/isapi/install.py
index 12416fd645..0631b50ed4 100644
--- a/isapi/install.py
+++ b/isapi/install.py
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ def LoadWebServer(path):
         msg = details.strerror
         if exc.excepinfo and exc.excepinfo[2]:
             msg = exc.excepinfo[2]
-        msg = "WebServer %s: %s" % (path, msg)
+        msg = f"WebServer {path}: {msg}"
         raise ItemNotFound(msg)
     return server
 
@@ -274,12 +274,12 @@ def _CreateDirectory(iis_dir, name, params):
         # *any* existing object, regardless of Class
         assert name.strip("/"), "mustn't delete the root!"
         iis_dir.Delete("", name)
-        log(2, "Deleted old directory '%s'" % (name,))
+        log(2, f"Deleted old directory '{name}'")
     except pythoncom.com_error:
         pass
 
     newDir = iis_dir.Create(params.Type, name)
-    log(2, "Creating new directory '%s' in %s..." % (name, iis_dir.Name))
+    log(2, f"Creating new directory '{name}' in {iis_dir.Name}...")
 
     friendly = params.Description or params.Name
     newDir.AppFriendlyName = friendly
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ def CreateDirectory(params, options):
     AssignScriptMaps(params.ScriptMaps, target_dir, params.ScriptMapUpdate)
 
     _CallHook(params, "PostInstall", options, target_dir)
-    log(1, "Configured Virtual Directory: %s" % (params.Name,))
+    log(1, f"Configured Virtual Directory: {params.Name}")
     return target_dir
 
 
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ def CreateISAPIFilter(filterParams, options):
     assert filterParams.Name.strip("/"), "mustn't delete the root!"
     try:
         filters.Delete(_IIS_FILTER, filterParams.Name)
-        log(2, "Deleted old filter '%s'" % (filterParams.Name,))
+        log(2, f"Deleted old filter '{filterParams.Name}'")
     except pythoncom.com_error:
         pass
     newFilter = filters.Create(_IIS_FILTER, filterParams.Name)
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ def CreateISAPIFilter(filterParams, options):
         filters.FilterLoadOrder = ",".join(load_order)
         filters.SetInfo()
     _CallHook(filterParams, "PostInstall", options, newFilter)
-    log(1, "Configured Filter: %s" % (filterParams.Name,))
+    log(1, f"Configured Filter: {filterParams.Name}")
     return newFilter
 
 
@@ -423,17 +423,17 @@ def DeleteISAPIFilter(filterParams, options):
     except pythoncom.com_error as details:
         # failure to open the filters just means a totally clean IIS install
         # (IIS5 at least has no 'Filters' key when freshly installed).
-        log(2, "ISAPI filter path '%s' did not exist." % (ob_path,))
+        log(2, f"ISAPI filter path '{ob_path}' did not exist.")
         return
     try:
         assert filterParams.Name.strip("/"), "mustn't delete the root!"
         filters.Delete(_IIS_FILTER, filterParams.Name)
-        log(2, "Deleted ISAPI filter '%s'" % (filterParams.Name,))
+        log(2, f"Deleted ISAPI filter '{filterParams.Name}'")
     except pythoncom.com_error as details:
         rc = _GetWin32ErrorCode(details)
         if rc != winerror.ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
             raise
-        log(2, "ISAPI filter '%s' did not exist." % (filterParams.Name,))
+        log(2, f"ISAPI filter '{filterParams.Name}' did not exist.")
     # Remove from the load order
     load_order = [b.strip() for b in filters.FilterLoadOrder.split(",") if b]
     if filterParams.Name in load_order:
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ def DeleteISAPIFilter(filterParams, options):
         filters.FilterLoadOrder = ",".join(load_order)
         filters.SetInfo()
     _CallHook(filterParams, "PostRemove", options)
-    log(1, "Deleted Filter: %s" % (filterParams.Name,))
+    log(1, f"Deleted Filter: {filterParams.Name}")
 
 
 def _AddExtensionFile(module, def_groupid, def_desc, params, options):
@@ -456,11 +456,11 @@ def _AddExtensionFile(module, def_groupid, def_desc, params, options):
             params.AddExtensionFile_CanDelete,
             desc,
         )
-        log(2, "Added extension file '%s' (%s)" % (module, desc))
+        log(2, f"Added extension file '{module}' ({desc})")
     except (pythoncom.com_error, AttributeError) as details:
         # IIS5 always fails.  Probably should upgrade this to
         # complain more loudly if IIS6 fails.
-        log(2, "Failed to add extension file '%s': %s" % (module, details))
+        log(2, f"Failed to add extension file '{module}': {details}")
 
 
 def AddExtensionFiles(params, options):
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ def _DeleteExtensionFileRecord(module, options):
         ob.DeleteExtensionFileRecord(module)
         log(2, "Deleted extension file record for '%s'" % module)
     except (pythoncom.com_error, AttributeError) as details:
-        log(2, "Failed to remove extension file '%s': %s" % (module, details))
+        log(2, f"Failed to remove extension file '{module}': {details}")
 
 
 def DeleteExtensionFileRecords(params, options):
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ def CheckLoaderModule(dll_name):
         suffix = "_d"
     template = os.path.join(this_dir, "PyISAPI_loader" + suffix + ".dll")
     if not os.path.isfile(template):
-        raise ConfigurationError("Template loader '%s' does not exist" % (template,))
+        raise ConfigurationError(f"Template loader '{template}' does not exist")
     # We can't do a simple "is newer" check, as the DLL is specific to the
     # Python version.  So we check the date-time and size are identical,
     # and skip the copy in that case.
@@ -524,11 +524,11 @@ def CheckLoaderModule(dll_name):
             and src_stat[stat.ST_MTIME] == dest_stat[stat.ST_MTIME]
         )
     if not same:
-        log(2, "Updating %s->%s" % (template, dll_name))
+        log(2, f"Updating {template}->{dll_name}")
         shutil.copyfile(template, dll_name)
         shutil.copystat(template, dll_name)
     else:
-        log(2, "%s is up to date." % (dll_name,))
+        log(2, f"{dll_name} is up to date.")
 
 
 def _CallHook(ob, hook_name, options, *extra_args):
@@ -568,15 +568,15 @@ def RemoveDirectory(params, options):
             directory.AppUnLoad()
         except:
             exc_val = sys.exc_info()[1]
-            log(2, "AppUnLoad() for %s failed: %s" % (params.Name, exc_val))
+            log(2, f"AppUnLoad() for {params.Name} failed: {exc_val}")
         # Continue trying to delete it.
         try:
             parent = GetObject(directory.Parent)
             parent.Delete(directory.Class, directory.Name)
-            log(1, "Deleted Virtual Directory: %s" % (params.Name,))
+            log(1, f"Deleted Virtual Directory: {params.Name}")
         except:
             exc_val = sys.exc_info()[1]
-            log(1, "Failed to remove directory %s: %s" % (params.Name, exc_val))
+            log(1, f"Failed to remove directory {params.Name}: {exc_val}")
 
 
 def RemoveScriptMaps(vd_params, options):
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ def Uninstall(params, options):
 def _PatchParamsModule(params, dll_name, file_must_exist=True):
     if file_must_exist:
         if not os.path.isfile(dll_name):
-            raise ConfigurationError("%s does not exist" % (dll_name,))
+            raise ConfigurationError(f"{dll_name} does not exist")
 
     # Patch up all references to the DLL.
     for f in params.Filters:
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ def InstallModule(conf_module_name, params, options, log=lambda *args: None):
     if not hasattr(sys, "frozen"):
         conf_module_name = os.path.abspath(conf_module_name)
         if not os.path.isfile(conf_module_name):
-            raise ConfigurationError("%s does not exist" % (conf_module_name,))
+            raise ConfigurationError(f"{conf_module_name} does not exist")
 
     loader_dll = GetLoaderModuleName(conf_module_name)
     _PatchParamsModule(params, loader_dll)
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ def HandleCommandLine(
         except win32api.error as exc:
             log(
                 2,
-                "Couldn't determine the long name for %r: %s" % (conf_module_name, exc),
+                f"Couldn't determine the long name for {conf_module_name!r}: {exc}",
             )
 
     if opt_parser is None:
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ def HandleCommandLine(
         "--server",
         action="store",
         help="Specifies the IIS server to install/uninstall on."
-        " Default is '%s/1'" % (_IIS_OBJECT,),
+        f" Default is '{_IIS_OBJECT}/1'",
     )
 
     (options, args) = parser.parse_args(argv[1:])
@@ -810,6 +810,6 @@ def HandleCommandLine(
     except (ItemNotFound, InstallationError) as details:
         if options.verbose > 1:
             traceback.print_exc()
-        print("%s: %s" % (details.__class__.__name__, details))
+        print(f"{details.__class__.__name__}: {details}")
     except KeyError:
         parser.error("Invalid arg '%s'" % arg)
diff --git a/isapi/samples/advanced.py b/isapi/samples/advanced.py
index c10d0c80c9..913de024a6 100644
--- a/isapi/samples/advanced.py
+++ b/isapi/samples/advanced.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def HttpExtensionProc(self, ecb):
             print("<PRE>", file=ecb)
             for q in queries:
                 val = ecb.GetServerVariable(q, "&lt;no such variable&gt;")
-                print("%s=%r" % (q, val), file=ecb)
+                print(f"{q}={val!r}", file=ecb)
             print("</PRE><P/>", file=ecb)
 
         print("This module has been imported", file=ecb)
diff --git a/isapi/samples/redirector.py b/isapi/samples/redirector.py
index da62d40228..edc8815838 100644
--- a/isapi/samples/redirector.py
+++ b/isapi/samples/redirector.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def Dispatch(self, ecb):
         ecb.SendResponseHeaders("200 OK", header_text, False)
         ecb.WriteClient(fp.read())
         ecb.DoneWithSession()
-        print("Returned data from '%s'" % (new_url,))
+        print(f"Returned data from '{new_url}'")
         return isapicon.HSE_STATUS_SUCCESS
 
 
diff --git a/isapi/samples/redirector_asynch.py b/isapi/samples/redirector_asynch.py
index 3c4b5e4f77..24af96e4b1 100644
--- a/isapi/samples/redirector_asynch.py
+++ b/isapi/samples/redirector_asynch.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Extension(threaded_extension.ThreadPoolExtension):
     "Python sample proxy server - asynch version."
 
     def Dispatch(self, ecb):
-        print('IIS dispatching "%s"' % (ecb.GetServerVariable("URL"),))
+        print('IIS dispatching "{}"'.format(ecb.GetServerVariable("URL")))
         url = ecb.GetServerVariable("URL")
 
         new_url = proxy + url
diff --git a/isapi/samples/redirector_with_filter.py b/isapi/samples/redirector_with_filter.py
index a63b1db13a..ba048a0913 100644
--- a/isapi/samples/redirector_with_filter.py
+++ b/isapi/samples/redirector_with_filter.py
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ def Dispatch(self, ecb):
             ecb.SendResponseHeaders("200 OK", str(headers) + "\r\n", False)
             ecb.WriteClient(fp.read())
             ecb.DoneWithSession()
-            print("Returned data from '%s'!" % (new_url,))
+            print(f"Returned data from '{new_url}'!")
         else:
             # this should never happen - we should only see requests that
             # start with our virtual directory name.
-            print("Not proxying '%s'" % (url,))
+            print(f"Not proxying '{url}'")
 
 
 # The ISAPI filter.
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def HttpFilterProc(self, fc):
         prefix = virtualdir
         if not url.startswith(prefix):
             new_url = prefix + url
-            print("New proxied URL is '%s'" % (new_url,))
+            print(f"New proxied URL is '{new_url}'")
             pp.SetHeader("url", new_url)
             # For the sake of demonstration, show how the FilterContext
             # attribute is used.  It always starts out life as None, and
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def HttpFilterProc(self, fc):
             print("This is request number %d on this connection" % fc.FilterContext)
             return isapicon.SF_STATUS_REQ_HANDLED_NOTIFICATION
         else:
-            print("Filter ignoring URL '%s'" % (url,))
+            print(f"Filter ignoring URL '{url}'")
 
             # Some older code that handled SF_NOTIFY_URL_MAP.
             # ~ print "Have URL_MAP notify"
diff --git a/isapi/test/extension_simple.py b/isapi/test/extension_simple.py
index 64bd71fd22..dfc79dfdd7 100644
--- a/isapi/test/extension_simple.py
+++ b/isapi/test/extension_simple.py
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ class Extension(threaded_extension.ThreadPoolExtension):
     "Python ISAPI Tester"
 
     def Dispatch(self, ecb):
-        print('Tester dispatching "%s"' % (ecb.GetServerVariable("URL"),))
+        print('Tester dispatching "{}"'.format(ecb.GetServerVariable("URL")))
         url = ecb.GetServerVariable("URL")
         test_name = url.split("/")[-1]
         meth = getattr(self, test_name, None)
         if meth is None:
-            raise AttributeError("No test named '%s'" % (test_name,))
+            raise AttributeError(f"No test named '{test_name}'")
         result = meth(ecb)
         if result is None:
             # This means the test finalized everything
diff --git a/isapi/threaded_extension.py b/isapi/threaded_extension.py
index b31c8c9e70..12a1191df6 100644
--- a/isapi/threaded_extension.py
+++ b/isapi/threaded_extension.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def run(self):
             # Let the parent extension handle the command.
             dispatcher = self.extension.dispatch_map.get(key)
             if dispatcher is None:
-                raise RuntimeError("Bad request '%s'" % (key,))
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Bad request '{key}'")
 
             dispatcher(errCode, bytes, key, overlapped)
 
@@ -166,8 +166,7 @@ def HandleDispatchError(self, ecb):
                     exc_tb, limit
                 ) + traceback.format_exception_only(exc_typ, exc_val)
                 print(
-                    "<PRE>%s<B>%s</B></PRE>"
-                    % (
+                    "<PRE>{}<B>{}</B></PRE>".format(
                         cgi.escape("".join(list[:-1])),
                         cgi.escape(list[-1]),
                     ),
diff --git a/pywin32_postinstall.py b/pywin32_postinstall.py
index 1c0b396ad5..4801397066 100644
--- a/pywin32_postinstall.py
+++ b/pywin32_postinstall.py
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def get_special_folder_path(path_name):
             if maybe == path_name:
                 csidl = getattr(shellcon, maybe)
                 return shell.SHGetSpecialFolderPath(0, csidl, False)
-        raise ValueError("%s is an unknown path ID" % (path_name,))
+        raise ValueError(f"{path_name} is an unknown path ID")
 
 
 def CopyTo(desc, src, dest):
@@ -155,10 +155,9 @@ def CopyTo(desc, src, dest):
                 # Running silent mode - just re-raise the error.
                 raise
             full_desc = (
-                "Error %s\n\n"
+                f"Error {desc}\n\n"
                 "If you have any Python applications running, "
-                "please close them now\nand select 'Retry'\n\n%s"
-                % (desc, details.strerror)
+                f"please close them now\nand select 'Retry'\n\n{details.strerror}"
             )
             rc = win32api.MessageBox(
                 0, full_desc, "Installation Error", win32con.MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ def SetPyKeyVal(key_name, value_name, value):
         try:
             winreg.SetValueEx(my_key, value_name, 0, winreg.REG_SZ, value)
             if verbose:
-                print("-> %s\\%s[%s]=%r" % (root_key_name, key_name, value_name, value))
+                print(f"-> {root_key_name}\\{key_name}[{value_name}]={value!r}")
         finally:
             my_key.Close()
     finally:
@@ -218,13 +217,13 @@ def UnsetPyKeyVal(key_name, value_name, delete_key=False):
         try:
             winreg.DeleteValue(my_key, value_name)
             if verbose:
-                print("-> DELETE %s\\%s[%s]" % (root_key_name, key_name, value_name))
+                print(f"-> DELETE {root_key_name}\\{key_name}[{value_name}]")
         finally:
             my_key.Close()
         if delete_key:
             winreg.DeleteKey(root_key, key_name)
             if verbose:
-                print("-> DELETE %s\\%s" % (root_key_name, key_name))
+                print(f"-> DELETE {root_key_name}\\{key_name}")
     except OSError as why:
         winerror = getattr(why, "winerror", why.errno)
         if winerror != 2:  # file not found
@@ -391,16 +390,15 @@ def fixup_dbi():
             try:
                 if os.path.isfile(this_dest):
                     print(
-                        "Old dbi '%s' already exists - deleting '%s'"
-                        % (this_dest, this_pyd)
+                        f"Old dbi '{this_dest}' already exists - deleting '{this_pyd}'"
                     )
                     os.remove(this_pyd)
                 else:
                     os.rename(this_pyd, this_dest)
-                    print("renamed '%s'->'%s.old'" % (this_pyd, this_pyd))
+                    print(f"renamed '{this_pyd}'->'{this_pyd}.old'")
                     file_created(this_pyd + ".old")
             except OSError as exc:
-                print("FAILED to rename '%s': %s" % (this_pyd, exc))
+                print(f"FAILED to rename '{this_pyd}': {exc}")
 
 
 def install(lib_dir):
@@ -448,7 +446,7 @@ def install(lib_dir):
                 dst = os.path.join(dest_dir, base)
                 CopyTo("installing %s" % base, fname, dst)
                 if verbose:
-                    print("Copied %s to %s" % (base, dst))
+                    print(f"Copied {base} to {dst}")
                 # Register the files with the uninstaller
                 file_created(dst)
                 worked = 1
@@ -536,7 +534,7 @@ def install(lib_dir):
     make_dir = os.path.join(lib_dir, "win32com", "gen_py")
     if not os.path.isdir(make_dir):
         if verbose:
-            print("Creating directory %s" % (make_dir,))
+            print(f"Creating directory {make_dir}")
         directory_created(make_dir)
         os.mkdir(make_dir)
 
@@ -569,7 +567,7 @@ def install(lib_dir):
                     print("Shortcut to documentation created")
         else:
             if verbose:
-                print("Can't install shortcuts - %r is not a folder" % (fldr,))
+                print(f"Can't install shortcuts - {fldr!r} is not a folder")
     except Exception as details:
         print(details)
 
@@ -601,12 +599,12 @@ def uninstall(lib_dir):
     try:
         RegisterCOMObjects(False)
     except Exception as why:
-        print("Failed to unregister COM objects: %s" % (why,))
+        print(f"Failed to unregister COM objects: {why}")
 
     try:
         RegisterHelpFile(False, lib_dir)
     except Exception as why:
-        print("Failed to unregister help file: %s" % (why,))
+        print(f"Failed to unregister help file: {why}")
     else:
         if verbose:
             print("Unregistered help file")
@@ -614,7 +612,7 @@ def uninstall(lib_dir):
     try:
         RegisterPythonwin(False, lib_dir)
     except Exception as why:
-        print("Failed to unregister Pythonwin: %s" % (why,))
+        print(f"Failed to unregister Pythonwin: {why}")
     else:
         if verbose:
             print("Unregistered Pythonwin")
@@ -625,7 +623,7 @@ def uninstall(lib_dir):
         if os.path.isdir(gen_dir):
             shutil.rmtree(gen_dir)
             if verbose:
-                print("Removed directory %s" % (gen_dir,))
+                print(f"Removed directory {gen_dir}")
 
         # Remove pythonwin compiled "config" files.
         pywin_dir = os.path.join(lib_dir, "Pythonwin", "pywin")
@@ -643,7 +641,7 @@ def uninstall(lib_dir):
             pass
 
     except Exception as why:
-        print("Failed to remove misc files: %s" % (why,))
+        print(f"Failed to remove misc files: {why}")
 
     try:
         fldr = get_shortcuts_folder()
@@ -652,9 +650,9 @@ def uninstall(lib_dir):
             if os.path.isfile(fqlink):
                 os.remove(fqlink)
                 if verbose:
-                    print("Removed %s" % (link,))
+                    print(f"Removed {link}")
     except Exception as why:
-        print("Failed to remove shortcuts: %s" % (why,))
+        print(f"Failed to remove shortcuts: {why}")
     # Now remove the system32 files.
     files = glob.glob(os.path.join(lib_dir, "pywin32_system32\\*.*"))
     # Try the system32 directory first - if that fails due to "access denied",
@@ -673,11 +671,11 @@ def uninstall(lib_dir):
                         if verbose:
                             print("Removed file %s" % (dst))
                     except Exception:
-                        print("FAILED to remove %s" % (dst,))
+                        print(f"FAILED to remove {dst}")
             if worked:
                 break
     except Exception as why:
-        print("FAILED to remove system files: %s" % (why,))
+        print(f"FAILED to remove system files: {why}")
 
 
 # NOTE: If this script is run from inside the bdist_wininst created
@@ -692,7 +690,7 @@ def uninstall(lib_dir):
 
 def verify_destination(location):
     if not os.path.isdir(location):
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError('Path "{}" does not exist!'.format(location))
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(f'Path "{location}" does not exist!')
     return location
 
 
@@ -756,7 +754,7 @@ def main():
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     if not args.quiet:
-        print("Parsed arguments are: {}".format(args))
+        print(f"Parsed arguments are: {args}")
 
     if not args.install ^ args.remove:
         parser.error("You need to either choose to -install or -remove!")
diff --git a/pywin32_testall.py b/pywin32_testall.py
index a54f9d4fa8..e6c4b7c8c6 100644
--- a/pywin32_testall.py
+++ b/pywin32_testall.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def run_test(script, cmdline_extras):
     print("--- Running '%s' ---" % script)
     sys.stdout.flush()
     result = subprocess.run(cmd, check=False, cwd=dirname)
-    print("*** Test script '%s' exited with %s" % (script, result.returncode))
+    print(f"*** Test script '{script}' exited with {result.returncode}")
     sys.stdout.flush()
     if result.returncode:
         failures.append(script)
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 7309fc1199..bb67e151b4 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -182,9 +182,9 @@ def finalize_options(self, build_ext):
             pch_dir = os.path.join(build_ext.build_temp)
             if not build_ext.debug:
                 self.extra_compile_args.append("/Zi")
-            self.extra_compile_args.append("/Fd%s\\%s_vc.pdb" % (pch_dir, self.name))
+            self.extra_compile_args.append(f"/Fd{pch_dir}\\{self.name}_vc.pdb")
             self.extra_link_args.append("/DEBUG")
-            self.extra_link_args.append("/PDB:%s\\%s.pdb" % (pch_dir, self.name))
+            self.extra_link_args.append(f"/PDB:{pch_dir}\\{self.name}.pdb")
             # enable unwind semantics - some stuff needs it and I can't see
             # it hurting
             self.extra_compile_args.append("/EHsc")
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ def finalize_options(self, build_ext):
                     suffix = "_d"
                 else:
                     suffix = ""
-                self.extra_link_args.append("/IMPLIB:%s%s.lib" % (implib, suffix))
+                self.extra_link_args.append(f"/IMPLIB:{implib}{suffix}.lib")
             # Try and find the MFC headers, so we can reach inside for
             # some of the ActiveX support we need.  We need to do this late, so
             # the environment is setup correctly.
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ def run(self):
             f.write("%s\n" % build_id)
             f.close()
         except OSError as why:
-            print("Failed to open '%s': %s" % (ver_fname, why))
+            print(f"Failed to open '{ver_fname}': {why}")
 
 
 class my_build_ext(build_ext):
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ def _why_cant_build_extension(self, ext):
                     break
             else:
                 log.debug("Header '%s' not found  in %s", h, look_dirs)
-                return "The header '%s' can not be located." % (h,)
+                return f"The header '{h}' can not be located."
 
         common_dirs = self.compiler.library_dirs[:]
         common_dirs += os.environ.get("LIB", "").split(os.pathsep)
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ def _why_cant_build_extension(self, ext):
             patched_libs.append(os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(found))[0])
 
         if ext.platforms and self.plat_name not in ext.platforms:
-            return "Only available on platforms %s" % (ext.platforms,)
+            return f"Only available on platforms {ext.platforms}"
 
         # We update the .libraries list with the resolved library name.
         # This is really only so "_d" works.
@@ -542,9 +542,7 @@ def _check_vc(self):
         # The afxres.h/atls.lib files aren't always included by default,
         # so find and add them
         if vcbase and not atlmfc_found:
-            atls_lib = glob.glob(
-                vcbase + r"ATLMFC\lib\{}\atls.lib".format(self.plat_dir)
-            )
+            atls_lib = glob.glob(vcbase + rf"ATLMFC\lib\{self.plat_dir}\atls.lib")
             if atls_lib:
                 self.library_dirs.append(os.path.dirname(atls_lib[0]))
                 self.include_dirs.append(
@@ -605,7 +603,7 @@ def build_extensions(self):
             if why is not None:
                 self.excluded_extensions.append((ext, why))
                 assert why, "please give a reason, or None"
-                print("Skipping %s: %s" % (ext.name, why))
+                print(f"Skipping {ext.name}: {why}")
                 continue
             self.build_exefile(ext)
 
@@ -650,8 +648,9 @@ def build_extensions(self):
             # typical path on newer Visual Studios - ensure corresponding version
             redist_globs.append(
                 vcbase[: m.start()]
-                + r"\VC\Redist\MSVC\%s%s\*\mfc140u.dll"
-                % (vcverdir or "*\\", self.plat_dir)
+                + r"\VC\Redist\MSVC\{}{}\*\mfc140u.dll".format(
+                    vcverdir or "*\\", self.plat_dir
+                )
             )
         # Only mfcNNNu DLL is required (mfcmNNNX is Windows Forms, rest is ANSI)
         mfc_contents = next(filter(None, map(glob.glob, redist_globs)), [])[:1]
@@ -713,7 +712,7 @@ def build_extension(self, ext):
         if why is not None:
             assert why, "please give a reason, or None"
             self.excluded_extensions.append((ext, why))
-            print("Skipping %s: %s" % (ext.name, why))
+            print(f"Skipping {ext.name}: {why}")
             return
         self.current_extension = ext
 
@@ -758,7 +757,7 @@ def build_extension(self, ext):
                     sys.version_info[1],
                     extra,
                 )
-                needed = "%s%s" % (ext.name, extra)
+                needed = f"{ext.name}{extra}"
             elif ext.name in ("win32ui",):
                 # This one just needs a copy.
                 created = needed = ext.name + extra
@@ -837,12 +836,12 @@ def swig_sources(self, sources, ext=None):
                     # More vile hacks.  winxpmodule is built from win32gui.i -
                     # just different #defines are setup for windows.h.
                     new_target = os.path.join(
-                        os.path.dirname(base), "winxpgui_swig%s" % (target_ext,)
+                        os.path.dirname(base), f"winxpgui_swig{target_ext}"
                     )
                     swig_targets[source] = new_target
                     new_sources.append(new_target)
                 else:
-                    new_target = "%s_swig%s" % (base, target_ext)
+                    new_target = f"{base}_swig{target_ext}"
                     new_sources.append(new_target)
                     swig_targets[source] = new_target
             else:
@@ -930,7 +929,7 @@ def run(self):
             # may have had 2to3 run over it.
             filename = os.path.join(self.install_scripts, "pywin32_postinstall.py")
             if not os.path.isfile(filename):
-                raise RuntimeError("Can't find '%s'" % (filename,))
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Can't find '{filename}'")
             print("Executing post install script...")
             # What executable to use?  This one I guess.
             subprocess.Popen(
@@ -1031,9 +1030,9 @@ def link(
         # verstamp must work.)
         if not skip_verstamp:
             args = ["py.exe", "-m" "win32verstamp"]
-            args.append("--version=%s" % (pywin32_version,))
+            args.append(f"--version={pywin32_version}")
             args.append("--comments=https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32")
-            args.append("--original-filename=%s" % (os.path.basename(output_filename),))
+            args.append(f"--original-filename={os.path.basename(output_filename)}")
             args.append("--product=PyWin32")
             if "-v" not in sys.argv:
                 args.append("--quiet")
@@ -1395,77 +1394,79 @@ def finalize_options(self):
     "pythoncom",
     sources=(
         """
-                        %(win32com)s/dllmain.cpp            %(win32com)s/ErrorUtils.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/MiscTypes.cpp          %(win32com)s/oleargs.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/PyComHelpers.cpp       %(win32com)s/PyFactory.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/PyGatewayBase.cpp      %(win32com)s/PyIBase.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/PyIClassFactory.cpp    %(win32com)s/PyIDispatch.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/PyIUnknown.cpp         %(win32com)s/PyRecord.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PySTGMEDIUM.cpp %(win32com)s/PyStorage.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/PythonCOM.cpp          %(win32com)s/Register.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/stdafx.cpp             %(win32com)s/univgw.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/univgw_dataconv.cpp    %(win32com)s/extensions/PyFUNCDESC.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGConnectionPoint.cpp      %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGConnectionPointContainer.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGEnumVariant.cpp          %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGErrorLog.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGPersist.cpp              %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGPersistPropertyBag.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGPersistStorage.cpp       %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGPersistStream.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGPersistStreamInit.cpp    %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGPropertyBag.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyGStream.cpp               %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIBindCtx.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyICatInformation.cpp       %(win32com)s/extensions/PyICatRegister.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIConnectionPoint.cpp      %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIConnectionPointContainer.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyICreateTypeInfo.cpp       %(win32com)s/extensions/PyICreateTypeLib.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyICreateTypeLib2.cpp       %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIDataObject.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIDropSource.cpp           %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIDropTarget.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumCATEGORYINFO.cpp     %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumConnectionPoints.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumConnections.cpp      %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumFORMATETC.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumGUID.cpp             %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumSTATPROPSETSTG.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumSTATPROPSTG.cpp      %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumSTATSTG.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumString.cpp           %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumVARIANT.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIErrorLog.cpp             %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIExternalConnection.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIGlobalInterfaceTable.cpp %(win32com)s/extensions/PyILockBytes.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIMoniker.cpp              %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIOleWindow.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIPersist.cpp              %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIPersistFile.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIPersistPropertyBag.cpp   %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIPersistStorage.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIPersistStream.cpp        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIPersistStreamInit.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIPropertyBag.cpp          %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIPropertySetStorage.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIPropertyStorage.cpp      %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIProvideClassInfo.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIRunningObjectTable.cpp   %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIServiceProvider.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIStorage.cpp              %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIStream.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIType.cpp                 %(win32com)s/extensions/PyITypeObjects.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyTYPEATTR.cpp              %(win32com)s/extensions/PyVARDESC.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyICancelMethodCalls.cpp    %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIContext.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIEnumContextProps.cpp     %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIClientSecurity.cpp
-                        %(win32com)s/extensions/PyIServerSecurity.cpp
-                        """
-        % dirs
+                        {win32com}/dllmain.cpp            {win32com}/ErrorUtils.cpp
+                        {win32com}/MiscTypes.cpp          {win32com}/oleargs.cpp
+                        {win32com}/PyComHelpers.cpp       {win32com}/PyFactory.cpp
+                        {win32com}/PyGatewayBase.cpp      {win32com}/PyIBase.cpp
+                        {win32com}/PyIClassFactory.cpp    {win32com}/PyIDispatch.cpp
+                        {win32com}/PyIUnknown.cpp         {win32com}/PyRecord.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PySTGMEDIUM.cpp {win32com}/PyStorage.cpp
+                        {win32com}/PythonCOM.cpp          {win32com}/Register.cpp
+                        {win32com}/stdafx.cpp             {win32com}/univgw.cpp
+                        {win32com}/univgw_dataconv.cpp    {win32com}/extensions/PyFUNCDESC.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyGConnectionPoint.cpp      {win32com}/extensions/PyGConnectionPointContainer.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyGEnumVariant.cpp          {win32com}/extensions/PyGErrorLog.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyGPersist.cpp              {win32com}/extensions/PyGPersistPropertyBag.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyGPersistStorage.cpp       {win32com}/extensions/PyGPersistStream.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyGPersistStreamInit.cpp    {win32com}/extensions/PyGPropertyBag.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyGStream.cpp               {win32com}/extensions/PyIBindCtx.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyICatInformation.cpp       {win32com}/extensions/PyICatRegister.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIConnectionPoint.cpp      {win32com}/extensions/PyIConnectionPointContainer.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyICreateTypeInfo.cpp       {win32com}/extensions/PyICreateTypeLib.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyICreateTypeLib2.cpp       {win32com}/extensions/PyIDataObject.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIDropSource.cpp           {win32com}/extensions/PyIDropTarget.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumCATEGORYINFO.cpp     {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumConnectionPoints.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumConnections.cpp      {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumFORMATETC.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumGUID.cpp             {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumSTATPROPSETSTG.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumSTATPROPSTG.cpp      {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumSTATSTG.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumString.cpp           {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumVARIANT.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIErrorLog.cpp             {win32com}/extensions/PyIExternalConnection.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIGlobalInterfaceTable.cpp {win32com}/extensions/PyILockBytes.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIMoniker.cpp              {win32com}/extensions/PyIOleWindow.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIPersist.cpp              {win32com}/extensions/PyIPersistFile.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIPersistPropertyBag.cpp   {win32com}/extensions/PyIPersistStorage.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIPersistStream.cpp        {win32com}/extensions/PyIPersistStreamInit.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIPropertyBag.cpp          {win32com}/extensions/PyIPropertySetStorage.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIPropertyStorage.cpp      {win32com}/extensions/PyIProvideClassInfo.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIRunningObjectTable.cpp   {win32com}/extensions/PyIServiceProvider.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIStorage.cpp              {win32com}/extensions/PyIStream.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIType.cpp                 {win32com}/extensions/PyITypeObjects.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyTYPEATTR.cpp              {win32com}/extensions/PyVARDESC.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyICancelMethodCalls.cpp    {win32com}/extensions/PyIContext.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIEnumContextProps.cpp     {win32com}/extensions/PyIClientSecurity.cpp
+                        {win32com}/extensions/PyIServerSecurity.cpp
+                        """.format(
+            **dirs
+        )
     ).split(),
     depends=(
         """
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\propbag.h          %(win32com)s/include\\PyComTypeObjects.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyFactory.h        %(win32com)s/include\\PyGConnectionPoint.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyGConnectionPointContainer.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyGPersistStorage.h %(win32com)s/include\\PyIBindCtx.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyICatInformation.h %(win32com)s/include\\PyICatRegister.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIDataObject.h    %(win32com)s/include\\PyIDropSource.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIDropTarget.h    %(win32com)s/include\\PyIEnumConnectionPoints.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIEnumConnections.h %(win32com)s/include\\PyIEnumFORMATETC.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIEnumGUID.h      %(win32com)s/include\\PyIEnumSTATPROPSETSTG.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIEnumSTATSTG.h   %(win32com)s/include\\PyIEnumString.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIEnumVARIANT.h   %(win32com)s/include\\PyIExternalConnection.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIGlobalInterfaceTable.h %(win32com)s/include\\PyILockBytes.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIMoniker.h       %(win32com)s/include\\PyIOleWindow.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIPersist.h       %(win32com)s/include\\PyIPersistFile.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIPersistStorage.h %(win32com)s/include\\PyIPersistStream.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIPersistStreamInit.h %(win32com)s/include\\PyIRunningObjectTable.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIStorage.h       %(win32com)s/include\\PyIStream.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PythonCOM.h        %(win32com)s/include\\PythonCOMRegister.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PythonCOMServer.h  %(win32com)s/include\\stdafx.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\univgw_dataconv.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyICancelMethodCalls.h    %(win32com)s/include\\PyIContext.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIEnumContextProps.h     %(win32com)s/include\\PyIClientSecurity.h
-                        %(win32com)s/include\\PyIServerSecurity.h
-                        """
-        % dirs
+                        {win32com}/include\\propbag.h          {win32com}/include\\PyComTypeObjects.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyFactory.h        {win32com}/include\\PyGConnectionPoint.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyGConnectionPointContainer.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyGPersistStorage.h {win32com}/include\\PyIBindCtx.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyICatInformation.h {win32com}/include\\PyICatRegister.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIDataObject.h    {win32com}/include\\PyIDropSource.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIDropTarget.h    {win32com}/include\\PyIEnumConnectionPoints.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIEnumConnections.h {win32com}/include\\PyIEnumFORMATETC.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIEnumGUID.h      {win32com}/include\\PyIEnumSTATPROPSETSTG.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIEnumSTATSTG.h   {win32com}/include\\PyIEnumString.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIEnumVARIANT.h   {win32com}/include\\PyIExternalConnection.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIGlobalInterfaceTable.h {win32com}/include\\PyILockBytes.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIMoniker.h       {win32com}/include\\PyIOleWindow.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIPersist.h       {win32com}/include\\PyIPersistFile.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIPersistStorage.h {win32com}/include\\PyIPersistStream.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIPersistStreamInit.h {win32com}/include\\PyIRunningObjectTable.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIStorage.h       {win32com}/include\\PyIStream.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PythonCOM.h        {win32com}/include\\PythonCOMRegister.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PythonCOMServer.h  {win32com}/include\\stdafx.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\univgw_dataconv.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyICancelMethodCalls.h    {win32com}/include\\PyIContext.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIEnumContextProps.h     {win32com}/include\\PyIClientSecurity.h
+                        {win32com}/include\\PyIServerSecurity.h
+                        """.format(
+            **dirs
+        )
     ).split(),
     libraries="oleaut32 ole32 user32 urlmon",
     export_symbol_file="com/win32com/src/PythonCOM.def",
@@ -1482,19 +1483,20 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         libraries="ACTIVEDS ADSIID user32 advapi32",
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(adsi)s/adsi.i                 %(adsi)s/adsi.cpp
-                        %(adsi)s/PyIADsContainer.i      %(adsi)s/PyIADsContainer.cpp
-                        %(adsi)s/PyIADsUser.i           %(adsi)s/PyIADsUser.cpp
-                        %(adsi)s/PyIADsDeleteOps.i      %(adsi)s/PyIADsDeleteOps.cpp
-                        %(adsi)s/PyIDirectoryObject.i   %(adsi)s/PyIDirectoryObject.cpp
-                        %(adsi)s/PyIDirectorySearch.i   %(adsi)s/PyIDirectorySearch.cpp
-                        %(adsi)s/PyIDsObjectPicker.i    %(adsi)s/PyIDsObjectPicker.cpp
-
-                        %(adsi)s/adsilib.i
-                        %(adsi)s/PyADSIUtil.cpp         %(adsi)s/PyDSOPObjects.cpp
-                        %(adsi)s/PyIADs.cpp
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {adsi}/adsi.i                 {adsi}/adsi.cpp
+                        {adsi}/PyIADsContainer.i      {adsi}/PyIADsContainer.cpp
+                        {adsi}/PyIADsUser.i           {adsi}/PyIADsUser.cpp
+                        {adsi}/PyIADsDeleteOps.i      {adsi}/PyIADsDeleteOps.cpp
+                        {adsi}/PyIDirectoryObject.i   {adsi}/PyIDirectoryObject.cpp
+                        {adsi}/PyIDirectorySearch.i   {adsi}/PyIDirectorySearch.cpp
+                        {adsi}/PyIDsObjectPicker.i    {adsi}/PyIDsObjectPicker.cpp
+
+                        {adsi}/adsilib.i
+                        {adsi}/PyADSIUtil.cpp         {adsi}/PyDSOPObjects.cpp
+                        {adsi}/PyIADs.cpp
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com(
@@ -1502,44 +1504,47 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         pch_header="axcontrol_pch.h",
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(axcontrol)s/AXControl.cpp
-                        %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleControl.cpp          %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleControlSite.cpp
-                        %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleInPlaceActiveObject.cpp
-                        %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleInPlaceSiteEx.cpp    %(axcontrol)s/PyISpecifyPropertyPages.cpp
-                        %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleInPlaceUIWindow.cpp  %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleInPlaceFrame.cpp
-                        %(axcontrol)s/PyIObjectWithSite.cpp      %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleInPlaceObject.cpp
-                        %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleInPlaceSiteWindowless.cpp  %(axcontrol)s/PyIViewObject.cpp
-                        %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleClientSite.cpp       %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleInPlaceSite.cpp
-                        %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleObject.cpp           %(axcontrol)s/PyIViewObject2.cpp
-                        %(axcontrol)s/PyIOleCommandTarget.cpp
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {axcontrol}/AXControl.cpp
+                        {axcontrol}/PyIOleControl.cpp          {axcontrol}/PyIOleControlSite.cpp
+                        {axcontrol}/PyIOleInPlaceActiveObject.cpp
+                        {axcontrol}/PyIOleInPlaceSiteEx.cpp    {axcontrol}/PyISpecifyPropertyPages.cpp
+                        {axcontrol}/PyIOleInPlaceUIWindow.cpp  {axcontrol}/PyIOleInPlaceFrame.cpp
+                        {axcontrol}/PyIObjectWithSite.cpp      {axcontrol}/PyIOleInPlaceObject.cpp
+                        {axcontrol}/PyIOleInPlaceSiteWindowless.cpp  {axcontrol}/PyIViewObject.cpp
+                        {axcontrol}/PyIOleClientSite.cpp       {axcontrol}/PyIOleInPlaceSite.cpp
+                        {axcontrol}/PyIOleObject.cpp           {axcontrol}/PyIViewObject2.cpp
+                        {axcontrol}/PyIOleCommandTarget.cpp
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com(
         "axscript",
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(axscript)s/AXScript.cpp
-                        %(axscript)s/GUIDS.CPP                   %(axscript)s/PyGActiveScript.cpp
-                        %(axscript)s/PyGActiveScriptError.cpp    %(axscript)s/PyGActiveScriptParse.cpp
-                        %(axscript)s/PyGActiveScriptSite.cpp     %(axscript)s/PyGObjectSafety.cpp
-                        %(axscript)s/PyIActiveScript.cpp         %(axscript)s/PyIActiveScriptError.cpp
-                        %(axscript)s/PyIActiveScriptParse.cpp    %(axscript)s/PyIActiveScriptParseProcedure.cpp
-                        %(axscript)s/PyIActiveScriptSite.cpp     %(axscript)s/PyIMultiInfos.cpp
-                        %(axscript)s/PyIObjectSafety.cpp         %(axscript)s/stdafx.cpp
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {axscript}/AXScript.cpp
+                        {axscript}/GUIDS.CPP                   {axscript}/PyGActiveScript.cpp
+                        {axscript}/PyGActiveScriptError.cpp    {axscript}/PyGActiveScriptParse.cpp
+                        {axscript}/PyGActiveScriptSite.cpp     {axscript}/PyGObjectSafety.cpp
+                        {axscript}/PyIActiveScript.cpp         {axscript}/PyIActiveScriptError.cpp
+                        {axscript}/PyIActiveScriptParse.cpp    {axscript}/PyIActiveScriptParseProcedure.cpp
+                        {axscript}/PyIActiveScriptSite.cpp     {axscript}/PyIMultiInfos.cpp
+                        {axscript}/PyIObjectSafety.cpp         {axscript}/stdafx.cpp
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
         depends=(
             """
-                             %(axscript)s/AXScript.h
-                             %(axscript)s/guids.h                %(axscript)s/PyGActiveScriptError.h
-                             %(axscript)s/PyIActiveScriptError.h %(axscript)s/PyIObjectSafety.h
-                             %(axscript)s/PyIProvideMultipleClassInfo.h
-                             %(axscript)s/stdafx.h
-                             """
-            % dirs
+                             {axscript}/AXScript.h
+                             {axscript}/guids.h                {axscript}/PyGActiveScriptError.h
+                             {axscript}/PyIActiveScriptError.h {axscript}/PyIObjectSafety.h
+                             {axscript}/PyIProvideMultipleClassInfo.h
+                             {axscript}/stdafx.h
+                             """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
         extra_compile_args=["-DPY_BUILD_AXSCRIPT"],
         implib_name="axscript",
@@ -1551,52 +1556,53 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         pch_header="stdafx.h",
         sources=(
             """
-                    %(axdebug)s/AXDebug.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIActiveScriptDebug.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIActiveScriptErrorDebug.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIActiveScriptSiteDebug.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIApplicationDebugger.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugApplication.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugApplicationNode.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugApplicationNodeEvents.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugApplicationThread.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugCodeContext.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocument.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocumentContext.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocumentHelper.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocumentHost.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocumentInfo.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocumentProvider.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocumentText.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocumentTextAuthor.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocumentTextEvents.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugDocumentTextExternalAuthor.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugExpression.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugExpressionCallBack.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugExpressionContext.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugProperties.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugSessionProvider.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugStackFrame.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugStackFrameSniffer.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugStackFrameSnifferEx.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIDebugSyncOperation.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIEnumDebugApplicationNodes.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIEnumDebugCodeContexts.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIEnumDebugExpressionContexts.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIEnumDebugPropertyInfo.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIEnumDebugStackFrames.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIEnumRemoteDebugApplications.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIEnumRemoteDebugApplicationThreads.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIMachineDebugManager.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIMachineDebugManagerEvents.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIProcessDebugManager.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIProvideExpressionContexts.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIRemoteDebugApplication.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIRemoteDebugApplicationEvents.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/PyIRemoteDebugApplicationThread.cpp
-                    %(axdebug)s/stdafx.cpp
-                     """
-            % dirs
+                    {axdebug}/AXDebug.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIActiveScriptDebug.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIActiveScriptErrorDebug.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIActiveScriptSiteDebug.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIApplicationDebugger.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugApplication.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugApplicationNode.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugApplicationNodeEvents.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugApplicationThread.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugCodeContext.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocument.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocumentContext.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocumentHelper.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocumentHost.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocumentInfo.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocumentProvider.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocumentText.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocumentTextAuthor.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocumentTextEvents.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugDocumentTextExternalAuthor.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugExpression.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugExpressionCallBack.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugExpressionContext.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugProperties.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugSessionProvider.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugStackFrame.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugStackFrameSniffer.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugStackFrameSnifferEx.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIDebugSyncOperation.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIEnumDebugApplicationNodes.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIEnumDebugCodeContexts.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIEnumDebugExpressionContexts.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIEnumDebugPropertyInfo.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIEnumDebugStackFrames.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIEnumRemoteDebugApplications.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIEnumRemoteDebugApplicationThreads.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIMachineDebugManager.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIMachineDebugManagerEvents.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIProcessDebugManager.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIProvideExpressionContexts.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIRemoteDebugApplication.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIRemoteDebugApplicationEvents.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/PyIRemoteDebugApplicationThread.cpp
+                    {axdebug}/stdafx.cpp
+                     """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com(
@@ -1604,80 +1610,84 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         pch_header="internet_pch.h",
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(internet)s/internet.cpp                   %(internet)s/PyIDocHostUIHandler.cpp
-                        %(internet)s/PyIHTMLOMWindowServices.cpp    %(internet)s/PyIInternetBindInfo.cpp
-                        %(internet)s/PyIInternetPriority.cpp        %(internet)s/PyIInternetProtocol.cpp
-                        %(internet)s/PyIInternetProtocolInfo.cpp    %(internet)s/PyIInternetProtocolRoot.cpp
-                        %(internet)s/PyIInternetProtocolSink.cpp    %(internet)s/PyIInternetSecurityManager.cpp
-                    """
-            % dirs
+                        {internet}/internet.cpp                   {internet}/PyIDocHostUIHandler.cpp
+                        {internet}/PyIHTMLOMWindowServices.cpp    {internet}/PyIInternetBindInfo.cpp
+                        {internet}/PyIInternetPriority.cpp        {internet}/PyIInternetProtocol.cpp
+                        {internet}/PyIInternetProtocolInfo.cpp    {internet}/PyIInternetProtocolRoot.cpp
+                        {internet}/PyIInternetProtocolSink.cpp    {internet}/PyIInternetSecurityManager.cpp
+                    """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
-        depends=["%(internet)s/internet_pch.h" % dirs],
+        depends=["{internet}/internet_pch.h".format(**dirs)],
     ),
     WinExt_win32com(
         "mapi",
         libraries="advapi32",
         pch_header="PythonCOM.h",
-        include_dirs=["%(mapi)s/mapi_headers" % dirs],
+        include_dirs=["{mapi}/mapi_headers".format(**dirs)],
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(mapi)s/mapi.i                 %(mapi)s/mapi.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIABContainer.i       %(mapi)s/PyIABContainer.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIAddrBook.i          %(mapi)s/PyIAddrBook.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIAttach.i            %(mapi)s/PyIAttach.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIDistList.i          %(mapi)s/PyIDistList.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMailUser.i          %(mapi)s/PyIMailUser.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMAPIContainer.i     %(mapi)s/PyIMAPIContainer.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMAPIFolder.i        %(mapi)s/PyIMAPIFolder.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMAPIProp.i          %(mapi)s/PyIMAPIProp.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMAPISession.i       %(mapi)s/PyIMAPISession.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMAPIStatus.i        %(mapi)s/PyIMAPIStatus.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMAPITable.i         %(mapi)s/PyIMAPITable.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMessage.i           %(mapi)s/PyIMessage.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMsgServiceAdmin.i   %(mapi)s/PyIMsgServiceAdmin.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMsgServiceAdmin2.i  %(mapi)s/PyIMsgServiceAdmin2.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIProviderAdmin.i     %(mapi)s/PyIProviderAdmin.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMsgStore.i          %(mapi)s/PyIMsgStore.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIProfAdmin.i         %(mapi)s/PyIProfAdmin.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIProfSect.i          %(mapi)s/PyIProfSect.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIConverterSession.i	%(mapi)s/PyIConverterSession.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/PyIMAPIAdviseSink.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/mapiutil.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/mapiguids.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/mapi_stub_library/MapiStubLibrary.cpp
-                        %(mapi)s/mapi_stub_library/StubUtils.cpp
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {mapi}/mapi.i                 {mapi}/mapi.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIABContainer.i       {mapi}/PyIABContainer.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIAddrBook.i          {mapi}/PyIAddrBook.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIAttach.i            {mapi}/PyIAttach.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIDistList.i          {mapi}/PyIDistList.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMailUser.i          {mapi}/PyIMailUser.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMAPIContainer.i     {mapi}/PyIMAPIContainer.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMAPIFolder.i        {mapi}/PyIMAPIFolder.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMAPIProp.i          {mapi}/PyIMAPIProp.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMAPISession.i       {mapi}/PyIMAPISession.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMAPIStatus.i        {mapi}/PyIMAPIStatus.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMAPITable.i         {mapi}/PyIMAPITable.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMessage.i           {mapi}/PyIMessage.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMsgServiceAdmin.i   {mapi}/PyIMsgServiceAdmin.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMsgServiceAdmin2.i  {mapi}/PyIMsgServiceAdmin2.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIProviderAdmin.i     {mapi}/PyIProviderAdmin.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMsgStore.i          {mapi}/PyIMsgStore.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIProfAdmin.i         {mapi}/PyIProfAdmin.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIProfSect.i          {mapi}/PyIProfSect.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIConverterSession.i	{mapi}/PyIConverterSession.cpp
+                        {mapi}/PyIMAPIAdviseSink.cpp
+                        {mapi}/mapiutil.cpp
+                        {mapi}/mapiguids.cpp
+                        {mapi}/mapi_stub_library/MapiStubLibrary.cpp
+                        {mapi}/mapi_stub_library/StubUtils.cpp
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com_mapi(
         "exchange",
         libraries="advapi32 legacy_stdio_definitions",
-        include_dirs=["%(mapi)s/mapi_headers" % dirs],
+        include_dirs=["{mapi}/mapi_headers".format(**dirs)],
         sources=(
             """
-                                  %(mapi)s/exchange.i         %(mapi)s/exchange.cpp
-                                  %(mapi)s/PyIExchangeManageStore.i %(mapi)s/PyIExchangeManageStore.cpp
-                                  %(mapi)s/PyIExchangeManageStoreEx.i %(mapi)s/PyIExchangeManageStoreEx.cpp
-                                  %(mapi)s/mapiutil.cpp
-                                  %(mapi)s/exchangeguids.cpp
-                                  %(mapi)s/mapi_stub_library/MapiStubLibrary.cpp
-                                  %(mapi)s/mapi_stub_library/StubUtils.cpp
-                                  """
-            % dirs
+                                  {mapi}/exchange.i         {mapi}/exchange.cpp
+                                  {mapi}/PyIExchangeManageStore.i {mapi}/PyIExchangeManageStore.cpp
+                                  {mapi}/PyIExchangeManageStoreEx.i {mapi}/PyIExchangeManageStoreEx.cpp
+                                  {mapi}/mapiutil.cpp
+                                  {mapi}/exchangeguids.cpp
+                                  {mapi}/mapi_stub_library/MapiStubLibrary.cpp
+                                  {mapi}/mapi_stub_library/StubUtils.cpp
+                                  """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com_mapi(
         "exchdapi",
         libraries="advapi32",
-        include_dirs=["%(mapi)s/mapi_headers" % dirs],
+        include_dirs=["{mapi}/mapi_headers".format(**dirs)],
         sources=(
             """
-                                  %(mapi)s/exchdapi.i         %(mapi)s/exchdapi.cpp
-                                  %(mapi)s/mapi_stub_library/MapiStubLibrary.cpp
-                                  %(mapi)s/mapi_stub_library/StubUtils.cpp
-                                  """
-            % dirs
+                                  {mapi}/exchdapi.i         {mapi}/exchdapi.cpp
+                                  {mapi}/mapi_stub_library/MapiStubLibrary.cpp
+                                  {mapi}/mapi_stub_library/StubUtils.cpp
+                                  """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com(
@@ -1687,79 +1697,80 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         windows_h_version=0x600,
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(shell)s/PyIActiveDesktop.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIApplicationDestinations.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIApplicationDocumentLists.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIAsyncOperation.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIBrowserFrameOptions.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyICategorizer.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyICategoryProvider.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIColumnProvider.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIContextMenu.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIContextMenu2.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIContextMenu3.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyICopyHook.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyICurrentItem.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyICustomDestinationList.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIDefaultExtractIconInit.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIDeskBand.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIDisplayItem.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIDockingWindow.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIDropTargetHelper.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIEnumExplorerCommand.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIEnumIDList.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIEnumObjects.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIEnumResources.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIEnumShellItems.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIEmptyVolumeCache.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIEmptyVolumeCacheCallBack.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIExplorerBrowser.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIExplorerBrowserEvents.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIExplorerCommand.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIExplorerCommandProvider.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIExplorerPaneVisibility.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIExtractIcon.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIExtractIconW.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIExtractImage.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIFileOperation.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIFileOperationProgressSink.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIIdentityName.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIInputObject.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIKnownFolder.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIKnownFolderManager.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyINameSpaceTreeControl.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIObjectArray.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIObjectCollection.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIPersistFolder.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIPersistFolder2.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIQueryAssociations.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIRelatedItem.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellBrowser.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellExtInit.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellFolder.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellFolder2.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellIcon.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellIconOverlay.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellIconOverlayIdentifier.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellIconOverlayManager.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellItem.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellItem2.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellItemArray.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellItemResources.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellLibrary.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellLink.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellLinkDataList.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIShellView.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyITaskbarList.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyITransferAdviseSink.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyITransferDestination.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyITransferMediumItem.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyITransferSource.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/PyIUniformResourceLocator.cpp
-                        %(shell)s/shell.cpp
-
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {shell}/PyIActiveDesktop.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIApplicationDestinations.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIApplicationDocumentLists.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIAsyncOperation.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIBrowserFrameOptions.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyICategorizer.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyICategoryProvider.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIColumnProvider.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIContextMenu.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIContextMenu2.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIContextMenu3.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyICopyHook.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyICurrentItem.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyICustomDestinationList.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIDefaultExtractIconInit.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIDeskBand.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIDisplayItem.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIDockingWindow.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIDropTargetHelper.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIEnumExplorerCommand.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIEnumIDList.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIEnumObjects.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIEnumResources.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIEnumShellItems.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIEmptyVolumeCache.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIEmptyVolumeCacheCallBack.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIExplorerBrowser.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIExplorerBrowserEvents.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIExplorerCommand.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIExplorerCommandProvider.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIExplorerPaneVisibility.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIExtractIcon.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIExtractIconW.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIExtractImage.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIFileOperation.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIFileOperationProgressSink.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIIdentityName.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIInputObject.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIKnownFolder.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIKnownFolderManager.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyINameSpaceTreeControl.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIObjectArray.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIObjectCollection.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIPersistFolder.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIPersistFolder2.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIQueryAssociations.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIRelatedItem.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellBrowser.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellExtInit.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellFolder.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellFolder2.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellIcon.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellIconOverlay.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellIconOverlayIdentifier.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellIconOverlayManager.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellItem.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellItem2.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellItemArray.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellItemResources.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellLibrary.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellLink.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellLinkDataList.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIShellView.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyITaskbarList.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyITransferAdviseSink.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyITransferDestination.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyITransferMediumItem.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyITransferSource.cpp
+                        {shell}/PyIUniformResourceLocator.cpp
+                        {shell}/shell.cpp
+
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com(
@@ -1768,27 +1779,28 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         delay_load_libraries="shell32",
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(propsys)s/propsys.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIInitializeWithFile.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIInitializeWithStream.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyINamedPropertyStore.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyDescription.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyDescriptionAliasInfo.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyDescriptionList.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyDescriptionSearchInfo.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyEnumType.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyEnumTypeList.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyStore.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyStoreCache.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyStoreCapabilities.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertySystem.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyPROPVARIANT.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPersistSerializedPropStorage.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIObjectWithPropertyKey.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyChange.cpp
-                        %(propsys)s/PyIPropertyChangeArray.cpp
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {propsys}/propsys.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIInitializeWithFile.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIInitializeWithStream.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyINamedPropertyStore.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyDescription.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyDescriptionAliasInfo.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyDescriptionList.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyDescriptionSearchInfo.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyEnumType.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyEnumTypeList.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyStore.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyStoreCache.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyStoreCapabilities.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertySystem.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyPROPVARIANT.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPersistSerializedPropStorage.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIObjectWithPropertyKey.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyChange.cpp
+                        {propsys}/PyIPropertyChangeArray.cpp
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
         implib_name="pypropsys",
     ),
@@ -1797,15 +1809,16 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         libraries="mstask",
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(taskscheduler)s/taskscheduler.cpp
-                        %(taskscheduler)s/PyIProvideTaskPage.cpp
-                        %(taskscheduler)s/PyIScheduledWorkItem.cpp
-                        %(taskscheduler)s/PyITask.cpp
-                        %(taskscheduler)s/PyITaskScheduler.cpp
-                        %(taskscheduler)s/PyITaskTrigger.cpp
-
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {taskscheduler}/taskscheduler.cpp
+                        {taskscheduler}/PyIProvideTaskPage.cpp
+                        {taskscheduler}/PyIScheduledWorkItem.cpp
+                        {taskscheduler}/PyITask.cpp
+                        {taskscheduler}/PyITaskScheduler.cpp
+                        {taskscheduler}/PyITaskTrigger.cpp
+
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com(
@@ -1814,50 +1827,53 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         pch_header="bits_pch.h",
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(bits)s/bits.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIBackgroundCopyManager.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIBackgroundCopyCallback.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIBackgroundCopyError.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIBackgroundCopyJob.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIBackgroundCopyJob2.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIBackgroundCopyJob3.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIBackgroundCopyFile.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIBackgroundCopyFile2.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIEnumBackgroundCopyJobs.cpp
-                        %(bits)s/PyIEnumBackgroundCopyFiles.cpp
-
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {bits}/bits.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIBackgroundCopyManager.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIBackgroundCopyCallback.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIBackgroundCopyError.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIBackgroundCopyJob.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIBackgroundCopyJob2.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIBackgroundCopyJob3.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIBackgroundCopyFile.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIBackgroundCopyFile2.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIEnumBackgroundCopyJobs.cpp
+                        {bits}/PyIEnumBackgroundCopyFiles.cpp
+
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com(
         "ifilter",
         libraries="ntquery",
-        sources=("%(ifilter)s/PyIFilter.cpp" % dirs).split(),
-        depends=("%(ifilter)s/PyIFilter.h %(ifilter)s/stdafx.h" % dirs).split(),
+        sources=("{ifilter}/PyIFilter.cpp".format(**dirs)).split(),
+        depends=("{ifilter}/PyIFilter.h {ifilter}/stdafx.h".format(**dirs)).split(),
     ),
     WinExt_win32com(
         "directsound",
         pch_header="directsound_pch.h",
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(directsound)s/directsound.cpp     %(directsound)s/PyDSBCAPS.cpp
-                        %(directsound)s/PyDSBUFFERDESC.cpp  %(directsound)s/PyDSCAPS.cpp
-                        %(directsound)s/PyDSCBCAPS.cpp      %(directsound)s/PyDSCBUFFERDESC.cpp
-                        %(directsound)s/PyDSCCAPS.cpp       %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSound.cpp
-                        %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSoundBuffer.cpp %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSoundCapture.cpp
-                        %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSoundCaptureBuffer.cpp
-                        %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSoundNotify.cpp
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {directsound}/directsound.cpp     {directsound}/PyDSBCAPS.cpp
+                        {directsound}/PyDSBUFFERDESC.cpp  {directsound}/PyDSCAPS.cpp
+                        {directsound}/PyDSCBCAPS.cpp      {directsound}/PyDSCBUFFERDESC.cpp
+                        {directsound}/PyDSCCAPS.cpp       {directsound}/PyIDirectSound.cpp
+                        {directsound}/PyIDirectSoundBuffer.cpp {directsound}/PyIDirectSoundCapture.cpp
+                        {directsound}/PyIDirectSoundCaptureBuffer.cpp
+                        {directsound}/PyIDirectSoundNotify.cpp
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
         depends=(
             """
-                        %(directsound)s/directsound_pch.h   %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSound.h
-                        %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSoundBuffer.h %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSoundCapture.h
-                        %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSoundCaptureBuffer.h %(directsound)s/PyIDirectSoundNotify.h
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {directsound}/directsound_pch.h   {directsound}/PyIDirectSound.h
+                        {directsound}/PyIDirectSoundBuffer.h {directsound}/PyIDirectSoundCapture.h
+                        {directsound}/PyIDirectSoundCaptureBuffer.h {directsound}/PyIDirectSoundNotify.h
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
         optional_headers=["dsound.h"],
         libraries="user32 dsound dxguid",
@@ -1867,10 +1883,11 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         libraries="aclui advapi32",
         sources=(
             """
-                        %(authorization)s/authorization.cpp
-                        %(authorization)s/PyGSecurityInformation.cpp
-                        """
-            % dirs
+                        {authorization}/authorization.cpp
+                        {authorization}/PyGSecurityInformation.cpp
+                        """.format(
+                **dirs
+            )
         ).split(),
     ),
 ]
@@ -2304,7 +2321,7 @@ def maybe_fixup_exes():
     options={
         "bdist_wininst": {
             "install_script": "pywin32_postinstall.py",
-            "title": "pywin32-%s" % (build_id,),
+            "title": f"pywin32-{build_id}",
             "user_access_control": "auto",
         },
     },
@@ -2416,7 +2433,7 @@ def maybe_fixup_exes():
         skipped_ex = []
         print("*** NOTE: The following extensions were NOT %s:" % what_string)
         for ext, why in excluded_extensions:
-            print(" %s: %s" % (ext.name, why))
+            print(f" {ext.name}: {why}")
             if ext.name not in skip_whitelist:
                 skipped_ex.append(ext.name)
         print("For more details on installing the correct libraries and headers,")
@@ -2428,4 +2445,4 @@ def maybe_fixup_exes():
             )
             sys.exit(1000 + len(skipped_ex))
     else:
-        print("All extension modules %s OK" % (what_string,))
+        print(f"All extension modules {what_string} OK")
diff --git a/win32/Demos/EvtFormatMessage.py b/win32/Demos/EvtFormatMessage.py
index 125438692a..ecd5075a78 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/EvtFormatMessage.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/EvtFormatMessage.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def main():
             event, win32evtlog.EvtRenderEventValues, Context=context
         )
 
-        print("Event {}".format(i))
+        print(f"Event {i}")
 
         level_value, level_variant = result[win32evtlog.EvtSystemLevel]
         if level_variant != win32evtlog.EvtVarTypeNull:
@@ -42,17 +42,17 @@ def main():
             win32evtlog.EvtSystemTimeCreated
         ]
         if time_created_variant != win32evtlog.EvtVarTypeNull:
-            print("    Timestamp: {}".format(time_created_value.isoformat()))
+            print(f"    Timestamp: {time_created_value.isoformat()}")
 
         computer_value, computer_variant = result[win32evtlog.EvtSystemComputer]
         if computer_variant != win32evtlog.EvtVarTypeNull:
-            print("    FQDN: {}".format(computer_value))
+            print(f"    FQDN: {computer_value}")
 
         provider_name_value, provider_name_variant = result[
             win32evtlog.EvtSystemProviderName
         ]
         if provider_name_variant != win32evtlog.EvtVarTypeNull:
-            print("    Provider: {}".format(provider_name_value))
+            print(f"    Provider: {provider_name_value}")
 
             try:
                 metadata = win32evtlog.EvtOpenPublisherMetadata(provider_name_value)
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def main():
                     pass
                 else:
                     try:
-                        print("    Message: {}".format(message))
+                        print(f"    Message: {message}")
                     except UnicodeEncodeError:
                         # Obscure error when run under subprocess.Popen(), presumably due to
                         # not knowing the correct encoding for the console.
diff --git a/win32/Demos/SystemParametersInfo.py b/win32/Demos/SystemParametersInfo.py
index 55a331e673..d748009d81 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/SystemParametersInfo.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/SystemParametersInfo.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     # the new value isn't what we set or the original
     if new_value != orig_value + 1:
         assert new_value == orig_value
-        print("Strange - setting %s seems to have been ignored" % (pname,))
+        print(f"Strange - setting {pname} seems to have been ignored")
     win32gui.SystemParametersInfo(cset, orig_value)
     assert win32gui.SystemParametersInfo(cget) == orig_value
 
diff --git a/win32/Demos/cerapi.py b/win32/Demos/cerapi.py
index c5d9316601..385daa1f0b 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/cerapi.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/cerapi.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def DumpPythonRegistry():
         print("The remote device does not appear to have Python installed")
         return 0
     path, typ = wincerapi.CeRegQueryValueEx(h, None)
-    print("The remote PythonPath is '%s'" % (str(path),))
+    print(f"The remote PythonPath is '{str(path)}'")
     h.Close()
     return 1
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def DumpRegistry(root, level=0):
             name, data, typ = wincerapi.CeRegEnumValue(root, index)
         except win32api.error:
             break
-        print("%s%s=%s" % (level_prefix, name, repr(str(data))))
+        print(f"{level_prefix}{name}={repr(str(data))}")
         index = index + 1
     # Now enumerate all keys.
     index = 0
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def DumpRegistry(root, level=0):
             name, klass = wincerapi.CeRegEnumKeyEx(root, index)
         except win32api.error:
             break
-        print("%s%s\\" % (level_prefix, name))
+        print(f"{level_prefix}{name}\\")
         subkey = wincerapi.CeRegOpenKeyEx(root, name)
         DumpRegistry(subkey, level + 1)
         index = index + 1
@@ -108,10 +108,7 @@ def DumpRemoteMachineStatus():
         batPerc = "unknown"
     else:
         batPerc = BatteryLifePercent
-    print(
-        "The batteries are at %s%%, and is currently being powered by %s"
-        % (batPerc, power)
-    )
+    print(f"The batteries are at {batPerc}%, and is currently being powered by {power}")
 
     (
         memLoad,
@@ -142,7 +139,7 @@ def DumpRemoteFolders():
         if name[:6] == "CSIDL_":
             try:
                 loc = str(wincerapi.CeGetSpecialFolderPath(val))
-                print("Folder %s is at %s" % (name, loc))
+                print(f"Folder {name} is at {loc}")
             except win32api.error as details:
                 pass
 
@@ -163,7 +160,7 @@ def DumpRemoteFolders():
             except win32api.error as xxx_todo_changeme:
                 (rc, fn, msg) = xxx_todo_changeme.args
                 resolved = "#Error - %s" % msg
-            print("%s->%s" % (fileName, resolved))
+            print(f"{fileName}->{resolved}")
 
     #       print "The start menu is at",
     #       print wincerapi.CeSHGetShortcutTarget("\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Shortcut to Python.exe.lnk")
diff --git a/win32/Demos/dde/ddeclient.py b/win32/Demos/dde/ddeclient.py
index 32af3130ff..f140e2438b 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/dde/ddeclient.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/dde/ddeclient.py
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@
 conversation.ConnectTo("RunAny", "ComputeStringLength")
 s = "abcdefghi"
 sl = conversation.Request(s)
-print('length of "%s" is %s' % (s, sl))
+print(f'length of "{s}" is {sl}')
diff --git a/win32/Demos/eventLogDemo.py b/win32/Demos/eventLogDemo.py
index 52d3ae9f37..fe796b5458 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/eventLogDemo.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/eventLogDemo.py
@@ -28,16 +28,17 @@ def ReadLog(computer, logType="Application", dumpEachRecord=0):
                     domain, user, typ = win32security.LookupAccountSid(
                         computer, object.Sid
                     )
-                    sidDesc = "%s/%s" % (domain, user)
+                    sidDesc = f"{domain}/{user}"
                 except win32security.error:
                     sidDesc = str(object.Sid)
-                user_desc = "Event associated with user %s" % (sidDesc,)
+                user_desc = f"Event associated with user {sidDesc}"
             else:
                 user_desc = None
             if dumpEachRecord:
                 print(
-                    "Event record from %r generated at %s"
-                    % (object.SourceName, object.TimeGenerated.Format())
+                    "Event record from {!r} generated at {}".format(
+                        object.SourceName, object.TimeGenerated.Format()
+                    )
                 )
                 if user_desc:
                     print(user_desc)
diff --git a/win32/Demos/getfilever.py b/win32/Demos/getfilever.py
index 721e72f35d..337db45252 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/getfilever.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/getfilever.py
@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@
 for lang, codepage in pairs:
     print("lang: ", lang, "codepage:", codepage)
     for ver_string in ver_strings:
-        str_info = "\\StringFileInfo\\%04X%04X\\%s" % (lang, codepage, ver_string)
+        str_info = f"\\StringFileInfo\\{lang:04X}{codepage:04X}\\{ver_string}"
         ## print str_info
         print(ver_string, repr(win32api.GetFileVersionInfo(fname, str_info)))
diff --git a/win32/Demos/rastest.py b/win32/Demos/rastest.py
index e737acd9de..52f6a1611a 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/rastest.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/rastest.py
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def main():
         if opt == "-c":
             hras, rc = Connect(val, bCallback)
             if hras is not None:
-                print("hras: 0x%8lx, rc: 0x%04x" % (hras, rc))
+                print(f"hras: 0x{hras:8x}, rc: 0x{rc:04x}")
         if opt == "-d":
             Disconnect(val)
         if opt == "-e":
diff --git a/win32/Demos/security/localized_names.py b/win32/Demos/security/localized_names.py
index 30a0bde6d3..ae2acc28c4 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/security/localized_names.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/security/localized_names.py
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ def main():
         targetComputer = None
 
     name = LookupUserGroupFromRid(targetComputer, DOMAIN_USER_RID_ADMIN)
-    print("'Administrator' user name = %s" % (name,))
+    print(f"'Administrator' user name = {name}")
 
     name = LookupAliasFromRid(targetComputer, DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS)
-    print("'Administrators' local group/alias name = %s" % (name,))
+    print(f"'Administrators' local group/alias name = {name}")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/win32/Demos/security/sspi/fetch_url.py b/win32/Demos/security/sspi/fetch_url.py
index 3b43b7e46c..d6addf9eef 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/security/sspi/fetch_url.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/security/sspi/fetch_url.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def open_url(host, url):
     if options.show_headers:
         print("Initial response headers:")
         for name, val in list(resp.msg.items()):
-            print(" %s: %s" % (name, val))
+            print(f" {name}: {val}")
     if options.show_body:
         print(body)
     if resp.status == 401:
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def open_url(host, url):
             if options.show_headers:
                 print("Token dance headers:")
                 for name, val in list(resp.msg.items()):
-                    print(" %s: %s" % (name, val))
+                    print(f" {name}: {val}")
 
             if err == 0:
                 break
@@ -85,9 +85,7 @@ def open_url(host, url):
                     data = decodestring(scheme[len(auth_scheme) + 1 :])
                     break
             else:
-                print(
-                    "Could not find scheme '%s' in schemes %r" % (auth_scheme, schemes)
-                )
+                print(f"Could not find scheme '{auth_scheme}' in schemes {schemes!r}")
                 break
 
             resp.read()
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ def open_url(host, url):
         if options.show_headers:
             print("Second response headers:")
             for name, val in list(resp.msg.items()):
-                print(" %s: %s" % (name, val))
+                print(f" {name}: {val}")
 
         resp.read(int(resp.msg.get("content-length", 0)))
     elif resp.status == 500:
@@ -156,5 +154,5 @@ def open_url(host, url):
         if (scheme != "http") or params or query or fragment:
             parser.error("Scheme must be http, URL must be simple")
 
-        print("Opening '%s' from '%s'" % (path, netloc))
+        print(f"Opening '{path}' from '{netloc}'")
         r = open_url(netloc, path)
diff --git a/win32/Demos/security/sspi/validate_password.py b/win32/Demos/security/sspi/validate_password.py
index 40b6ad5b2f..f99ba681f4 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/security/sspi/validate_password.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/security/sspi/validate_password.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def validate(username, password, domain=""):
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     if len(sys.argv) not in [2, 3, 4]:
-        print("Usage: %s username [password [domain]]" % (__file__,))
+        print(f"Usage: {__file__} username [password [domain]]")
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # password and domain are optional!
diff --git a/win32/Demos/service/serviceEvents.py b/win32/Demos/service/serviceEvents.py
index a62784f954..16598096ef 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/service/serviceEvents.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/service/serviceEvents.py
@@ -61,15 +61,15 @@ def SvcOtherEx(self, control, event_type, data):
         # docs for "HandlerEx callback" for more info.
         if control == win32service.SERVICE_CONTROL_DEVICEEVENT:
             info = win32gui_struct.UnpackDEV_BROADCAST(data)
-            msg = "A device event occurred: %x - %s" % (event_type, info)
+            msg = f"A device event occurred: {event_type:x} - {info}"
         elif control == win32service.SERVICE_CONTROL_HARDWAREPROFILECHANGE:
-            msg = "A hardware profile changed: type=%s, data=%s" % (event_type, data)
+            msg = f"A hardware profile changed: type={event_type}, data={data}"
         elif control == win32service.SERVICE_CONTROL_POWEREVENT:
             msg = "A power event: setting %s" % data
         elif control == win32service.SERVICE_CONTROL_SESSIONCHANGE:
             # data is a single elt tuple, but this could potentially grow
             # in the future if the win32 struct does
-            msg = "Session event: type=%s, data=%s" % (event_type, data)
+            msg = f"Session event: type={event_type}, data={data}"
         else:
             msg = "Other event: code=%d, type=%s, data=%s" % (control, event_type, data)
 
diff --git a/win32/Demos/win32clipboardDemo.py b/win32/Demos/win32clipboardDemo.py
index 5794be6ff2..1c1c9f5d0f 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/win32clipboardDemo.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/win32clipboardDemo.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def TestText():
         SetClipboardText(text)
         got = GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_TEXT)
         # CF_TEXT always gives us 'bytes' back .
-        assert got == text_bytes, "Didnt get the correct result back - '%r'." % (got,)
+        assert got == text_bytes, f"Didnt get the correct result back - '{got!r}'."
     finally:
         CloseClipboard()
 
@@ -42,14 +42,12 @@ def TestText():
     try:
         # CF_UNICODE text always gives unicode objects back.
         got = GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT)
-        assert got == text, "Didnt get the correct result back - '%r'." % (got,)
-        assert isinstance(got, str), "Didnt get the correct result back - '%r'." % (
-            got,
-        )
+        assert got == text, f"Didnt get the correct result back - '{got!r}'."
+        assert isinstance(got, str), f"Didnt get the correct result back - '{got!r}'."
 
         # CF_OEMTEXT is a bytes-based format.
         got = GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_OEMTEXT)
-        assert got == text_bytes, "Didnt get the correct result back - '%r'." % (got,)
+        assert got == text_bytes, f"Didnt get the correct result back - '{got!r}'."
 
         # Unicode tests
         EmptyClipboard()
@@ -59,10 +57,8 @@ def TestText():
         SetClipboardData(win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT, text)
         # Get it in Unicode.
         got = GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT)
-        assert got == text, "Didnt get the correct result back - '%r'." % (got,)
-        assert isinstance(got, str), "Didnt get the correct result back - '%r'." % (
-            got,
-        )
+        assert got == text, f"Didnt get the correct result back - '{got!r}'."
+        assert isinstance(got, str), f"Didnt get the correct result back - '{got!r}'."
 
         # Close and open the clipboard to ensure auto-conversions take place.
     finally:
@@ -72,14 +68,12 @@ def TestText():
     try:
         # Make sure I can still get the text as bytes
         got = GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_TEXT)
-        assert got == text_bytes, "Didnt get the correct result back - '%r'." % (got,)
+        assert got == text_bytes, f"Didnt get the correct result back - '{got!r}'."
         # Make sure we get back the correct types.
         got = GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT)
-        assert isinstance(got, str), "Didnt get the correct result back - '%r'." % (
-            got,
-        )
+        assert isinstance(got, str), f"Didnt get the correct result back - '{got!r}'."
         got = GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_OEMTEXT)
-        assert got == text_bytes, "Didnt get the correct result back - '%r'." % (got,)
+        assert got == text_bytes, f"Didnt get the correct result back - '{got!r}'."
         print("Clipboard text tests worked correctly")
     finally:
         CloseClipboard()
@@ -102,7 +96,7 @@ def TestClipboardEnum():
                 try:
                     n = GetClipboardFormatName(enum)
                 except error:
-                    n = "unknown (%s)" % (enum,)
+                    n = f"unknown ({enum})"
 
             print("Have format", n)
         print("Clipboard enumerator tests worked correctly")
diff --git a/win32/Demos/win32comport_demo.py b/win32/Demos/win32comport_demo.py
index 9266292b25..2ee4c3c154 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/win32comport_demo.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/win32comport_demo.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def __init__(self, port):
         dcb.Parity = NOPARITY
         dcb.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT
         SetCommState(self.handle, dcb)
-        print("Connected to %s at %s baud" % (port, dcb.BaudRate))
+        print(f"Connected to {port} at {dcb.BaudRate} baud")
 
     def _UserInputReaderThread(self):
         overlapped = OVERLAPPED()
diff --git a/win32/Demos/win32gui_dialog.py b/win32/Demos/win32gui_dialog.py
index c4086563b5..522cac6de9 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/win32gui_dialog.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/win32gui_dialog.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def __init__(self, **kw):
                 full_fmt += fmt
         for name, val in kw.items():
             if name not in self.__dict__:
-                raise ValueError("LVITEM structures do not have an item '%s'" % (name,))
+                raise ValueError(f"LVITEM structures do not have an item '{name}'")
             self.__dict__[name] = val
 
     def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
diff --git a/win32/Demos/win32netdemo.py b/win32/Demos/win32netdemo.py
index e9bca62106..17fcb4ae7e 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/win32netdemo.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/win32netdemo.py
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ def GroupEnum():
         data, total, resume = win32net.NetGroupEnum(server, 1, resume)
         #               print "Call to NetGroupEnum obtained %d entries of %d total" % (len(data), total)
         for group in data:
-            verbose("Found group %(name)s:%(comment)s " % group)
+            verbose("Found group {name}:{comment} ".format(**group))
             memberresume = 0
             while 1:
                 memberdata, total, memberresume = win32net.NetGroupGetUsers(
                     server, group["name"], 0, resume
                 )
                 for member in memberdata:
-                    verbose(" Member %(name)s" % member)
+                    verbose(" Member {name}".format(**member))
                     nmembers = nmembers + 1
                 if memberresume == 0:
                     break
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def LocalGroupEnum():
     while 1:
         data, total, resume = win32net.NetLocalGroupEnum(server, 1, resume)
         for group in data:
-            verbose("Found group %(name)s:%(comment)s " % group)
+            verbose("Found group {name}:{comment} ".format(**group))
             memberresume = 0
             while 1:
                 memberdata, total, memberresume = win32net.NetLocalGroupGetMembers(
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def LocalGroupEnum():
                         server, member["sid"]
                     )
                     nmembers = nmembers + 1
-                    verbose(" Member %s (%s)" % (username, member["domainandname"]))
+                    verbose(" Member {} ({})".format(username, member["domainandname"]))
                 if memberresume == 0:
                     break
         if not resume:
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def LocalGroup(uname=None):
         mem, tot, res = win32net.NetLocalGroupGetMembers(server, group, level)
         print("members are", mem)
         if mem[0]["domainandname"] != uname:
-            print("ERROR: LocalGroup just added %s, but members are %r" % (uname, mem))
+            print(f"ERROR: LocalGroup just added {uname}, but members are {mem!r}")
         # Convert the list of dicts to a list of strings.
         win32net.NetLocalGroupDelMembers(
             server, group, [m["domainandname"] for m in mem]
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def GetInfo(userName=None):
     print("Dumping level 3 information about user")
     info = win32net.NetUserGetInfo(server, userName, 3)
     for key, val in list(info.items()):
-        verbose("%s=%s" % (key, val))
+        verbose(f"{key}={val}")
 
 
 def SetInfo(userName=None):
diff --git a/win32/Demos/win32rcparser_demo.py b/win32/Demos/win32rcparser_demo.py
index 6a41d453ac..6d85d3db33 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/win32rcparser_demo.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/win32rcparser_demo.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 )
 
 if not os.path.isfile(g_rcname):
-    raise RuntimeError("Can't locate test.rc (should be at '%s')" % (g_rcname,))
+    raise RuntimeError(f"Can't locate test.rc (should be at '{g_rcname}')")
 
 
 class DemoWindow:
diff --git a/win32/Demos/win32wnet/testwnet.py b/win32/Demos/win32wnet/testwnet.py
index 3b21ac29c4..ca913e58fc 100644
--- a/win32/Demos/win32wnet/testwnet.py
+++ b/win32/Demos/win32wnet/testwnet.py
@@ -85,14 +85,12 @@ def TestConnection():
             fname = os.path.join(localName + "\\", os.listdir(localName + "\\")[0])
             try:
                 print(
-                    "Universal name of '%s' is '%s'"
-                    % (fname, win32wnet.WNetGetUniversalName(fname))
+                    "Universal name of '{}' is '{}'".format(
+                        fname, win32wnet.WNetGetUniversalName(fname)
+                    )
                 )
             except win32wnet.error as details:
-                print(
-                    "Couldn't get universal name of '%s': %s"
-                    % (fname, details.strerror)
-                )
+                print(f"Couldn't get universal name of '{fname}': {details.strerror}")
             print("User name for this connection is", win32wnet.WNetGetUser(localName))
         finally:
             win32wnet.WNetCancelConnection2(localName, 0, 0)
diff --git a/win32/Lib/netbios.py b/win32/Lib/netbios.py
index 3f80b6b62c..fe7f28b36c 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/netbios.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/netbios.py
@@ -291,5 +291,5 @@ def ACTION_HEADER():
         Netbios(ncb)
         print("Adapter address:", end=" ")
         for ch in adapter.adapter_address:
-            print("%02x" % (ch,), end=" ")
+            print(f"{ch:02x}", end=" ")
         print()
diff --git a/win32/Lib/pywin32_testutil.py b/win32/Lib/pywin32_testutil.py
index 41a971967c..eac897c143 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/pywin32_testutil.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/pywin32_testutil.py
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ def addError(self, test, err):
             self.skips.setdefault(reason, 0)
             self.skips[reason] += 1
             if self.showAll:
-                self.stream.writeln("SKIP (%s)" % (reason,))
+                self.stream.writeln(f"SKIP ({reason})")
             elif self.dots:
                 self.stream.write("S")
                 self.stream.flush()
diff --git a/win32/Lib/pywintypes.py b/win32/Lib/pywintypes.py
index 631e7db884..6839664f2c 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/pywintypes.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/pywintypes.py
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ def __import_pywin32_system_module__(modname, globs):
             if os.path.isfile(found):
                 break
         else:
-            raise ImportError(
-                "Module '%s' isn't in frozen sys.path %s" % (modname, sys.path)
-            )
+            raise ImportError(f"Module '{modname}' isn't in frozen sys.path {sys.path}")
     else:
         # First see if it already in our process - if so, we must use that.
         import _win32sysloader
@@ -105,7 +103,7 @@ def __import_pywin32_system_module__(modname, globs):
 
         if found is None:
             # give up in disgust.
-            raise ImportError("No system module '%s' (%s)" % (modname, filename))
+            raise ImportError(f"No system module '{modname}' ({filename})")
     # After importing the module, sys.modules is updated to the DLL we just
     # loaded - which isn't what we want. So we update sys.modules to refer to
     # this module, and update our globals from it.
diff --git a/win32/Lib/sspi.py b/win32/Lib/sspi.py
index b10f63dbc7..657577831d 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/sspi.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/sspi.py
@@ -361,7 +361,9 @@ def authorize(self, sec_buffer_in):
     sspiserver = ServerAuth(ssp, scflags=flags)
 
     print(
-        "SSP : %s (%s)" % (sspiclient.pkg_info["Name"], sspiclient.pkg_info["Comment"])
+        "SSP : {} ({})".format(
+            sspiclient.pkg_info["Name"], sspiclient.pkg_info["Comment"]
+        )
     )
 
     # Perform the authentication dance, each loop exchanging more information
diff --git a/win32/Lib/win32evtlogutil.py b/win32/Lib/win32evtlogutil.py
index 78e231c994..f7b67a553c 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/win32evtlogutil.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/win32evtlogutil.py
@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@ def AddSourceToRegistry(
     # Create a new key for our application
     hkey = win32api.RegCreateKey(
         win32con.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
-        "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\EventLog\\%s\\%s"
-        % (eventLogType, appName),
+        f"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\EventLog\\{eventLogType}\\{appName}",
     )
 
     # Add the Event-ID message-file name to the subkey.
@@ -100,8 +99,7 @@ def RemoveSourceFromRegistry(appName, eventLogType="Application"):
     try:
         win32api.RegDeleteKey(
             win32con.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
-            "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\EventLog\\%s\\%s"
-            % (eventLogType, appName),
+            f"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\EventLog\\{eventLogType}\\{appName}",
         )
     except win32api.error as exc:
         if exc.winerror != winerror.ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
@@ -148,7 +146,7 @@ def FormatMessage(eventLogRecord, logType="Application"):
     # key to look under for the name of the message DLL that contains
     # the messages we need to extract with FormatMessage. So first get
     # the event log source name...
-    keyName = "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\EventLog\\%s\\%s" % (
+    keyName = "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\EventLog\\{}\\{}".format(
         logType,
         eventLogRecord.SourceName,
     )
diff --git a/win32/Lib/win32rcparser.py b/win32/Lib/win32rcparser.py
index 627cea1baf..629fcd23a8 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/win32rcparser.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/win32rcparser.py
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ def __init__(self, id, idNum, value):
         self.value = value
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "StringDef(%r, %r, %r)" % (self.id, self.idNum, self.value)
+        return f"StringDef({self.id!r}, {self.idNum!r}, {self.value!r})"
 
 
 class RCParser:
@@ -204,10 +204,7 @@ def ungetToken(self):
 
     def getCheckToken(self, expected):
         tok = self.getToken()
-        assert tok == expected, "Expected token '%s', but got token '%s'!" % (
-            expected,
-            tok,
-        )
+        assert tok == expected, f"Expected token '{expected}', but got token '{tok}'!"
         return tok
 
     def getCommaToken(self):
@@ -324,7 +321,7 @@ def parse(self):
             else:
                 rp = id_parsers.get(self.token)
                 if rp is not None:
-                    self.debug("Dispatching '%s'" % (self.token,))
+                    self.debug(f"Dispatching '{self.token}'")
                     rp(resource_id)
                 else:
                     # We don't know what the resource type is, but we
@@ -639,7 +636,7 @@ def GenerateFrozenResource(rc_name, output_name, h_name=None):
     out.write("class FakeParser:\n")
 
     for name in "dialogs", "ids", "names", "bitmaps", "icons", "stringTable":
-        out.write("\t%s = \\\n" % (name,))
+        out.write(f"\t{name} = \\\n")
         pprint.pprint(getattr(rcp, name), out)
         out.write("\n")
 
@@ -665,11 +662,11 @@ def GenerateFrozenResource(rc_name, output_name, h_name=None):
             pprint.pprint(ddef)
             print()
         for id, sdef in resources.stringTable.items():
-            print("String %s=%r" % (id, sdef.value))
+            print(f"String {id}={sdef.value!r}")
             print()
         for id, sdef in resources.bitmaps.items():
-            print("Bitmap %s=%r" % (id, sdef))
+            print(f"Bitmap {id}={sdef!r}")
             print()
         for id, sdef in resources.icons.items():
-            print("Icon %s=%r" % (id, sdef))
+            print(f"Icon {id}={sdef!r}")
             print()
diff --git a/win32/Lib/win32serviceutil.py b/win32/Lib/win32serviceutil.py
index 4778c630c9..19b425b065 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/win32serviceutil.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/win32serviceutil.py
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ def DebugService(cls, argv=[]):
 
     global g_debugService
 
-    print("Debugging service %s - press Ctrl+C to stop." % (cls._svc_name_,))
+    print(f"Debugging service {cls._svc_name_} - press Ctrl+C to stop.")
     servicemanager.Debugging(True)
     servicemanager.PrepareToHostSingle(cls)
     g_debugService = cls(argv)
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ def HandleCommandLine(
                     sys.exit(1)
                 raise
             try:
-                os.system("%s -debug %s %s" % (exeName, serviceName, svcArgs))
+                os.system(f"{exeName} -debug {serviceName} {svcArgs}")
             # ^C is used to kill the debug service.  Sometimes Python also gets
             # interrupted - ignore it...
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ def HandleCommandLine(
             description = cls._svc_description_
         except AttributeError:
             description = None
-        print("Installing service %s" % (serviceName,))
+        print(f"Installing service {serviceName}")
         # Note that we install the service before calling the custom option
         # handler, so if the custom handler fails, we have an installed service (from NT's POV)
         # but is unlikely to work, as the Python code controlling it failed.  Therefore
diff --git a/win32/Lib/win32timezone.py b/win32/Lib/win32timezone.py
index 442cb1f6d2..8af89c1df5 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/win32timezone.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/win32timezone.py
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ def _LoadDynamicInfoFromKey(self, key):
         )
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        result = "%s(%s" % (self.__class__.__name__, repr(self.timeZoneName))
+        result = f"{self.__class__.__name__}({repr(self.timeZoneName)}"
         if self.fixedStandardTime:
             result += ", True"
         result += ")"
diff --git a/win32/Lib/win32verstamp.py b/win32/Lib/win32verstamp.py
index 64038cd233..a705c967fd 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/win32verstamp.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/win32verstamp.py
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def stamp(pathname, options):
         f = open(pathname, "a+b")
         f.close()
     except OSError as why:
-        print("WARNING: File %s could not be opened - %s" % (pathname, why))
+        print(f"WARNING: File {pathname} could not be opened - {why}")
 
     ver = options.version
     try:
diff --git a/win32/scripts/VersionStamp/BrandProject.py b/win32/scripts/VersionStamp/BrandProject.py
index 6a0cf1716f..f97244c330 100644
--- a/win32/scripts/VersionStamp/BrandProject.py
+++ b/win32/scripts/VersionStamp/BrandProject.py
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ def BrandProject(
 def usage(msg):
     print(msg)
     print(
-        """\
-%s Usage:
-%s [options] vssProject descFile stampPath
+        f"""\
+{os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])} Usage:
+{os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])} [options] vssProject descFile stampPath
 
 Automatically brand a VSS project with an automatically incremented
 build number, and stamp DLL/EXE files with the build number.
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ def usage(msg):
 -f infile=outfile - Substitute special VSS labels in the specified text
                     file with the text extracted from VSS.
 """
-        % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]))
     )
     sys.exit(1)
 
diff --git a/win32/scripts/VersionStamp/vssutil.py b/win32/scripts/VersionStamp/vssutil.py
index 6679ebc930..3e92433950 100644
--- a/win32/scripts/VersionStamp/vssutil.py
+++ b/win32/scripts/VersionStamp/vssutil.py
@@ -90,10 +90,9 @@ def VssLog(project, linePrefix="", noLabels=5, maxItems=150):
             if str(itemDesc[-4:]) == ".dsp":
                 continue
         if i.Comment:
-            commentDesc = "\n%s\t%s" % (linePrefix, i.Comment)
+            commentDesc = f"\n{linePrefix}\t{i.Comment}"
         lines.append(
-            "%s%s\t%s%s"
-            % (
+            "{}{}\t{}{}".format(
                 linePrefix,
                 time.asctime(time.localtime(int(i.Date))),
                 itemDesc,
@@ -182,13 +181,13 @@ def MakeNewBuildNo(project, buildDesc=None, auto=0, bRebrand=0):
         from pywin.mfc import dialog
 
         buildNo = dialog.GetSimpleInput(
-            "Enter new build number", buildNo, "%s - Prev: %s" % (project, oldBuild)
+            "Enter new build number", buildNo, f"{project} - Prev: {oldBuild}"
         )
         if buildNo is None:
             return
-    i.Label(buildNo, "Build %s: %s" % (buildNo, buildDesc))
+    i.Label(buildNo, f"Build {buildNo}: {buildDesc}")
     if auto:
-        print("Branded project %s with label %s" % (project, buildNo))
+        print(f"Branded project {project} with label {buildNo}")
     return buildNo
 
 
diff --git a/win32/scripts/backupEventLog.py b/win32/scripts/backupEventLog.py
index 6dd37bb227..0f3dbf9b93 100644
--- a/win32/scripts/backupEventLog.py
+++ b/win32/scripts/backupEventLog.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def BackupClearLog(logType):
         try:
             fname = os.path.join(
                 win32api.GetTempPath(),
-                "%s%s-%s" % (datePrefix, index, logType) + ".evt",
+                f"{datePrefix}{index}-{logType}" + ".evt",
             )
             os.stat(fname)
         except OSError:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def BackupClearLog(logType):
             print("No records in event log %s - not backed up" % logType)
             return
         win32evtlog.ClearEventLog(hlog, fname)
-        print("Backed up %s log to %s" % (logType, fname))
+        print(f"Backed up {logType} log to {fname}")
     finally:
         win32evtlog.CloseEventLog(hlog)
 
diff --git a/win32/scripts/killProcName.py b/win32/scripts/killProcName.py
index c9b399ff8b..4011241523 100644
--- a/win32/scripts/killProcName.py
+++ b/win32/scripts/killProcName.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def killProcName(procname):
     if len(pids) == 0:
         result = "Can't find %s" % procname
     elif len(pids) > 1:
-        result = "Found too many %s's - pids=`%s`" % (procname, pids)
+        result = f"Found too many {procname}'s - pids=`{pids}`"
     else:
         handle = win32api.OpenProcess(win32con.PROCESS_TERMINATE, 0, pids[0])
         win32api.TerminateProcess(handle, 0)
diff --git a/win32/scripts/regsetup.py b/win32/scripts/regsetup.py
index 20a4f84719..fd0f636a06 100644
--- a/win32/scripts/regsetup.py
+++ b/win32/scripts/regsetup.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def FindAppPath(appName, knownFileName, searchPaths):
             # Found it
             return os.path.abspath(pathLook)
     raise error(
-        "The file %s can not be located for application %s" % (knownFileName, appName)
+        f"The file {knownFileName} can not be located for application {appName}"
     )
 
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ def LocateFileName(fileNamesString, searchPaths):
         # Display a common dialog to locate the file.
         flags = win32con.OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST
         ext = os.path.splitext(fileName)[1]
-        filter = "Files of requested type (*%s)|*%s||" % (ext, ext)
+        filter = f"Files of requested type (*{ext})|*{ext}||"
         dlg = win32ui.CreateFileDialog(1, None, fileName, flags, filter, None)
         dlg.SetOFNTitle("Locate " + fileName)
         if dlg.DoModal() != win32con.IDOK:
@@ -307,9 +307,7 @@ def FindRegisterPackage(packageName, knownFile, searchPaths, registryAppName=Non
             regutil.RegisterNamedPath(registryAppName, pathAdd)
         return pathLook
     except error as details:
-        print(
-            "*** The %s package could not be registered - %s" % (packageName, details)
-        )
+        print(f"*** The {packageName} package could not be registered - {details}")
         print(
             "*** Please ensure you have passed the correct paths on the command line."
         )
diff --git a/win32/scripts/setup_d.py b/win32/scripts/setup_d.py
index 8d009dfa59..caf10f9a7c 100644
--- a/win32/scripts/setup_d.py
+++ b/win32/scripts/setup_d.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def usage_and_die(rc):
     import pythoncom
 except ImportError as details:
     print("Could not import the release version of pythoncom")
-    print("The error details are: %s" % (details,))
+    print(f"The error details are: {details}")
     print("Please correct this error and rerun the script")
     usage_and_die(2)
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def usage_and_die(rc):
     import pywintypes
 except ImportError as details:
     print("Could not import the release version of pywintypes")
-    print("The error details are: %s" % (details,))
+    print(f"The error details are: {details}")
     print("Please correct this error and rerun the script")
     usage_and_die(2)
 
@@ -50,16 +50,17 @@ def _docopy(src, dest):
     if not os.path.isfile(src):
         src = os.path.join(os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[0], src)
         print(
-            "Can not find %s or %s to copy"
-            % (os.path.abspath(orig_src), os.path.abspath(src))
+            "Can not find {} or {} to copy".format(
+                os.path.abspath(orig_src), os.path.abspath(src)
+            )
         )
         return 0
     try:
         shutil.copy(src, dest)
-        print("Copied %s -> %s" % (src, dest))
+        print(f"Copied {src} -> {dest}")
         return 1
     except:
-        print("Error copying '%s' -> '%s'" % (src, dest))
+        print(f"Error copying '{src}' -> '{dest}'")
         print(str(sys.exc_info[1]))
         usage_and_die(3)
 
@@ -69,25 +70,25 @@ def _doregister(mod_name, dll_name):
     try:
         key = winreg.OpenKey(
             winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
-            "Software\\Python\\PythonCore\\%s\\Modules\\%s" % (sys.winver, mod_name),
+            f"Software\\Python\\PythonCore\\{sys.winver}\\Modules\\{mod_name}",
         )
     except winreg.error:
         try:
             key = winreg.OpenKey(
                 winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
-                "Software\\Python\\PythonCore\\%s\\Modules\\%s"
-                % (sys.winver, mod_name),
+                f"Software\\Python\\PythonCore\\{sys.winver}\\Modules\\{mod_name}",
             )
         except winreg.error:
             print(
-                "Could not find the existing '%s' module registered in the registry"
-                % (mod_name,)
+                "Could not find the existing '{}' module registered in the registry".format(
+                    mod_name
+                )
             )
             usage_and_die(4)
     # Create the debug key.
     sub_key = winreg.CreateKey(key, "Debug")
     winreg.SetValue(sub_key, None, winreg.REG_SZ, dll_name)
-    print("Registered '%s' in the registry" % (dll_name,))
+    print(f"Registered '{dll_name}' in the registry")
 
 
 def _domodule(mod_name, release_mod_filename):
diff --git a/win32/test/test_odbc.py b/win32/test/test_odbc.py
index 8cba6310f3..b40a3f6c51 100644
--- a/win32/test/test_odbc.py
+++ b/win32/test/test_odbc.py
@@ -43,8 +43,10 @@ def setUp(self):
 
             newdb.Close()
 
-            conn_str = "Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};dbq=%s;Uid=;Pwd=;" % (
-                self.db_filename,
+            conn_str = (
+                "Driver={{Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}};dbq={};Uid=;Pwd=;".format(
+                    self.db_filename,
+                )
             )
         ## print 'Connection string:', conn_str
         self.conn = odbc.odbc(conn_str)
@@ -163,14 +165,13 @@ def _test_val(self, fieldName, value):
             self.cur.execute("delete from %s where userid='Frank'" % self.tablename)
             self.assertEqual(
                 self.cur.execute(
-                    "insert into %s (userid, %s) values (?,?)"
-                    % (self.tablename, fieldName),
+                    f"insert into {self.tablename} (userid, {fieldName}) values (?,?)",
                     ["Frank", value],
                 ),
                 1,
             )
             self.cur.execute(
-                "select %s from %s where userid = ?" % (fieldName, self.tablename),
+                f"select {fieldName} from {self.tablename} where userid = ?",
                 ["Frank"],
             )
             rows = self.cur.fetchmany()
diff --git a/win32/test/test_pywintypes.py b/win32/test/test_pywintypes.py
index 313171c63e..67c4a5afe5 100644
--- a/win32/test/test_pywintypes.py
+++ b/win32/test/test_pywintypes.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def testPyTimeFormat(self):
         for fmt in format_strings.split():
             v1 = pytime_current.Format(fmt)
             v2 = time.strftime(fmt, struct_current)
-            self.assertEqual(v1, v2, "format %s failed - %r != %r" % (fmt, v1, v2))
+            self.assertEqual(v1, v2, f"format {fmt} failed - {v1!r} != {v2!r}")
 
     def testPyTimePrint(self):
         # This used to crash with an invalid, or too early time.
diff --git a/win32/test/test_sspi.py b/win32/test/test_sspi.py
index a9db878e93..85d20587b6 100644
--- a/win32/test/test_sspi.py
+++ b/win32/test/test_sspi.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class TestSSPI(unittest.TestCase):
     def assertRaisesHRESULT(self, hr, func, *args):
         try:
             return func(*args)
-            raise RuntimeError("expecting %s failure" % (hr,))
+            raise RuntimeError(f"expecting {hr} failure")
         except win32security.error as exc:
             self.assertEqual(exc.winerror, hr)
 
diff --git a/win32/test/test_win32api.py b/win32/test/test_win32api.py
index 81b2fe5ef9..d43b964af3 100644
--- a/win32/test/test_win32api.py
+++ b/win32/test/test_win32api.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def testGetCurrentUser(self):
         if domain == "NT AUTHORITY":
             # Running as a service account, so the comparison will fail
             raise TestSkipped("running as service account")
-        name = "%s\\%s" % (domain, win32api.GetUserName())
+        name = f"{domain}\\{win32api.GetUserName()}"
         self.assertEqual(name, win32api.GetUserNameEx(win32api.NameSamCompatible))
 
 
@@ -149,17 +149,17 @@ def testShortLongPathNames(self):
         long_name = win32api.GetLongPathName(short_name).lower()
         self.assertTrue(
             long_name == fname,
-            "Expected long name ('%s') to be original name ('%s')" % (long_name, fname),
+            f"Expected long name ('{long_name}') to be original name ('{fname}')",
         )
         self.assertEqual(long_name, win32api.GetLongPathNameW(short_name).lower())
         long_name = win32api.GetLongPathNameW(short_name).lower()
         self.assertTrue(
             isinstance(long_name, str),
-            "GetLongPathNameW returned type '%s'" % (type(long_name),),
+            f"GetLongPathNameW returned type '{type(long_name)}'",
         )
         self.assertTrue(
             long_name == fname,
-            "Expected long name ('%s') to be original name ('%s')" % (long_name, fname),
+            f"Expected long name ('{long_name}') to be original name ('{fname}')",
         )
 
     def testShortUnicodeNames(self):
@@ -174,17 +174,17 @@ def testShortUnicodeNames(self):
         long_name = win32api.GetLongPathName(short_name).lower()
         self.assertTrue(
             long_name == fname,
-            "Expected long name ('%s') to be original name ('%s')" % (long_name, fname),
+            f"Expected long name ('{long_name}') to be original name ('{fname}')",
         )
         self.assertEqual(long_name, win32api.GetLongPathNameW(short_name).lower())
         long_name = win32api.GetLongPathNameW(short_name).lower()
         self.assertTrue(
             isinstance(long_name, str),
-            "GetLongPathNameW returned type '%s'" % (type(long_name),),
+            f"GetLongPathNameW returned type '{type(long_name)}'",
         )
         self.assertTrue(
             long_name == fname,
-            "Expected long name ('%s') to be original name ('%s')" % (long_name, fname),
+            f"Expected long name ('{long_name}') to be original name ('{fname}')",
         )
 
     def testLongLongPathNames(self):
diff --git a/win32/test/test_win32file.py b/win32/test/test_win32file.py
index 9c0b37488f..0088d6dff3 100644
--- a/win32/test/test_win32file.py
+++ b/win32/test/test_win32file.py
@@ -229,12 +229,12 @@ def testFileTimes(self):
             ct, at, wt = win32file.GetFileTime(f)
             self.assertTrue(
                 ct >= now,
-                "File was created in the past - now=%s, created=%s" % (now, ct),
+                f"File was created in the past - now={now}, created={ct}",
             )
             self.assertTrue(now <= ct <= nowish, (now, ct))
             self.assertTrue(
                 wt >= now,
-                "File was written-to in the past now=%s, written=%s" % (now, wt),
+                f"File was written-to in the past now={now}, written={wt}",
             )
             self.assertTrue(now <= wt <= nowish, (now, wt))
 
diff --git a/win32/test/test_win32guistruct.py b/win32/test/test_win32guistruct.py
index 0c1d1d1c09..2cea9d5fbc 100644
--- a/win32/test/test_win32guistruct.py
+++ b/win32/test/test_win32guistruct.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class TestBase(unittest.TestCase):
     def assertDictEquals(self, d, **kw):
         checked = {}
         for n, v in kw.items():
-            self.assertEqual(v, d[n], "'%s' doesn't match: %r != %r" % (n, v, d[n]))
+            self.assertEqual(v, d[n], f"'{n}' doesn't match: {v!r} != {d[n]!r}")
             checked[n] = True
         checked_keys = list(checked.keys())
         passed_keys = list(kw.keys())
diff --git a/win32/test/test_win32pipe.py b/win32/test/test_win32pipe.py
index 00a474caba..841dee84a9 100644
--- a/win32/test/test_win32pipe.py
+++ b/win32/test/test_win32pipe.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def _serverThread(self, pipe_handle, event, wait_time):
         # just do one connection and terminate.
         hr = win32pipe.ConnectNamedPipe(pipe_handle)
         self.assertTrue(
-            hr in (0, winerror.ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED), "Got error code 0x%x" % (hr,)
+            hr in (0, winerror.ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED), f"Got error code 0x{hr:x}"
         )
         hr, got = win32file.ReadFile(pipe_handle, 100)
         self.assertEqual(got, b"foo\0bar")
diff --git a/win32/test/test_win32trace.py b/win32/test/test_win32trace.py
index b06a83462e..89d53b9ea3 100644
--- a/win32/test/test_win32trace.py
+++ b/win32/test/test_win32trace.py
@@ -258,8 +258,9 @@ def __init__(self, threadCount):
     def start(self):
         procHandle, threadHandle, procId, threadId = win32process.CreateProcess(
             None,  # appName
-            'python.exe "%s" /run_test_process %s %s'
-            % (this_file, self.BucketCount, self.threadCount),
+            'python.exe "{}" /run_test_process {} {}'.format(
+                this_file, self.BucketCount, self.threadCount
+            ),
             None,  # process security
             None,  # thread security
             0,  # inherit handles
diff --git a/win32/test/test_win32wnet.py b/win32/test/test_win32wnet.py
index 316c2e29dd..0c0b6150c3 100644
--- a/win32/test/test_win32wnet.py
+++ b/win32/test/test_win32wnet.py
@@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ def _checkItemAttributes(self, item, attrs):
             val = getattr(item, attr)
             if typ is int:
                 self.assertTrue(
-                    isinstance(val, int), "Attr %r has value %r" % (attr, val)
+                    isinstance(val, int), f"Attr {attr!r} has value {val!r}"
                 )
                 new_val = val + 1
             elif typ is str:
                 if val is not None:
                     # must be string
                     self.assertTrue(
-                        isinstance(val, str), "Attr %r has value %r" % (attr, val)
+                        isinstance(val, str), f"Attr {attr!r} has value {val!r}"
                     )
                     new_val = val + " new value"
                 else:
                     new_val = "new value"
             else:
-                self.fail("Don't know what %s is" % (typ,))
+                self.fail(f"Don't know what {typ} is")
             # set the attribute just to make sure we can.
             setattr(item, attr, new_val)
 
diff --git a/win32/test/testall.py b/win32/test/testall.py
index 85adf736e3..72aa42fc84 100644
--- a/win32/test/testall.py
+++ b/win32/test/testall.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def find_exception_in_output(data):
 class TestRunner:
     def __init__(self, argv):
         self.argv = argv
-        self.__name__ = "Test Runner for cmdline {}".format(argv)
+        self.__name__ = f"Test Runner for cmdline {argv}"
 
     def __call__(self):
         import subprocess
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def __call__(self):
             if reconstituted is not None:
                 raise reconstituted
             raise AssertionError(
-                "%s failed with exit code %s.  Output is:\n%s" % (base, rc, output)
+                f"{base} failed with exit code {rc}.  Output is:\n{output}"
             )