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Lets us understand, what the output is when we run ps command

ps

ps output

we have, PID: Process ID TTY: Controlling terminal associated with the process STAT: Process status code TIME: Total CPU usage time CMD: Name of executable/command

ps aux

ps aux command

The a displays all processes running, including the ones being ran by other users. The u shows more details about the processes. and finally the x lists all processes

USER: The effeictive user PID: Process ID %CPU: CPU time used divided by the time the process has been running %MEM: Ratio of the process's resident set size to the physical memory on the machine VSZ: Virtual memory usage of the entire process RSS: Resident set size, the non-swapped physical memory that a task has used TTY: Controlling terminal associated with the process (TTY is the terminal that executed the command.) STAT: Process status code START: Start time of the process TIME: Total CPU usage time COMMAND: Name of executable/command

Process states

In the STAT column, you'll see lots of values. A linux process can be in a number of different states.

The most common state codes are:

R: running or runnable, it is just waiting for the CPU to process it S: Interruptible sleep, waiting for an event to complete, such as input from the terminal D: Uninterruptible sleep, processes that cannot be killed or interrupted with a signal, usually to make them go away you have to reboot or fix the issue Z: Zombie, we discussed in a previous lesson that zombies are terminated processes that are waiting to have their statuses collected T: Stopped, a process that has been suspended/stopped

/proc filesystem

Remember everything in Linux is a file, even processes. Process information is stored in a special filesystem known as the /proc filesystem.

ls /proc

proc file system You should see multiple values in here, there are sub-directories for every PID. If you looked at a PID in the ps output, you would be able to find it in the /proc directory.

Inside the process

cat /proc/1/status

You should see process state information and well as more detailed information.

The /proc directory is how the kernel is views the system, so there is a lot more information here than what you would see in ps.

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