Clamping function

[davidorme]

Description

This PR is a suggestion for a rework of the clamping values within limits in the mix_and_ventilate function in PR #988. The clamping process is reasonably complex and hard to evaluate when bundled in with the rest of the mixing and ventilation, so this PR:

• Pulls the clamping process into it's own function to make it easier to test.
• Adds a test that present various cases for the clamping of values within the vertical columns.
• Replaces the calculate_excess function and its test, which are now built into the clamping function.
• I've also tried to rework the function to increase efficiency - I don't think it can be done as a single array calculation (or if it can, it's beyond me today) - but I think we can track the redistribution of residuals across vertical layers more cleanly. We don't have to keep track on non-NaN indices if we keep track of the total residuals (values outside limits) upwards and handle how these are passed between layers with real and NaN values
• Updates the mix_and_ventilate function to call the new clamping - tests of that function still pass.

Type of change

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Optimization (back-end change that speeds up the code)
• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)

Key checklist

• Make sure you've run the pre-commit checks: $ pre-commit run -a
• All tests pass: $ poetry run pytest

Further checks

• Code is commented, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• Tests added that prove fix is effective or that feature works
• Relevant documentation reviewed and updated

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 94.95%. Comparing base (b954767) to head (81e0a5d).

Additional details and impacted files

@@                               Coverage Diff                                @@
##           959-sort-out-time-interval-in-energy-balance    #1011      +/-   ##
================================================================================
- Coverage                                         94.96%   94.95%   -0.01%     
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  Files                                                80       80              
  Lines                                              6670     6662       -8     
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- Hits                                               6334     6326       -8     
  Misses                                              336      336              

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