Update Azure.Identity and other dependencies

[cheenamalhotra]

Addresses #3509
(needs to be back-ported to release/6.1, release/6.0, and release/5.1)

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR updates Azure-related dependencies to newer versions, addressing issue #3509. The update includes upgrading Azure.Identity, Azure.Core, and Azure.Security.KeyVault.Keys packages across multiple project files and adding pragma warnings to suppress obsolete method warnings.

• Updated Azure.Identity from version 1.13.2 to 1.14.2 across all target frameworks
• Updated Azure.Core from version 1.38.0/1.44.1 to 1.46.1 and Azure.Security.KeyVault.Keys from 4.5.0 to 4.7.0
• Added pragma warnings to suppress obsolete method warnings for AcquireTokenByIntegratedWindowsAuth

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.AlwaysEncrypted.AzureKeyVaultProvider.nuspec	Updates Azure.Core and Azure.Security.KeyVault.Keys dependency versions
Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.nuspec	Updates Azure.Identity dependency version across all target frameworks
ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationProvider.cs	Adds pragma warnings to suppress obsolete method warnings
Directory.Packages.props	Updates centralized package version definitions for Azure dependencies

[paulmedynski]

Use latest version of Azure.Core if possible.

[Frulfump]

LGTM, thanks for getting this sorted!

(If the intent with the description comment "Addresses # 3509" was to auto-link the PR to the issue it won't work and must use these keywords instead https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/using-issues/linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue#linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue-using-a-keyword)

EDIT: N.b
https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/using-issues/linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue#about-linked-issues-and-pull-requests

The special keywords in a pull request description are interpreted only when the pull request targets the repository's default branch. If the pull request targets any other branch, then these keywords are ignored, no links are created, and merging the PR has no effect on the issues.