[v3-0-test] Upgrade ruff to latest version (0.12.1) (#52562)

[meldiner]

Backports apache#52562

(cherry picked from commit 4b8cd25)

Co-authored-by: Jarek Potiuk jarek@potiuk.com

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^ Add meaningful description above
Read the Pull Request Guidelines for more information.
In case of fundamental code changes, an Airflow Improvement Proposal (AIP) is needed.
In case of a new dependency, check compliance with the ASF 3rd Party License Policy.
In case of backwards incompatible changes please leave a note in a newsfragment file, named {pr_number}.significant.rst or {issue_number}.significant.rst, in airflow-core/newsfragments.

[meldiner]

@violetnspct e2e-test

[shkhrgpt]

@violetnspct e2e-test all

[violetnspct]

Test Scenarios for PR Requirements

The following test scenarios validate the requirements addressed in this PR:

• Verify ruff 0.12.1 installation by running 'pip list | grep ruff' and confirming the exact version 0.12.1 is installed

• Execute 'ruff check .' command on the codebase and verify it completes successfully without errors, confirming the new version can lint existing code

• Execute 'ruff format .' command on the codebase and verify it completes successfully without making unexpected changes, confirming formatting behavior is preserved

• Run 'git commit' on a test file change and verify pre-commit hooks execute successfully with ruff 0.12.1, confirming the upgrade works in the automated development workflow

• Parse pyproject.toml files in devel-common/ and task-sdk/ directories and verify they contain 'ruff==0.12.1' dependency specification

• Parse .pre-commit-config.yaml file and verify it references ruff version 0.12.1 in the hooks configuration

• Create a Python file with intentional linting violations, run 'ruff check' on it, and verify ruff 0.12.1 correctly identifies and reports the violations with expected error messages