fix(api): Preserve RateLimitExceeded metadata in handle_query_errors

[cvxluo]

Re-raise RateLimitExceeded instead of converting to Throttled in handle_query_errors(), so custom_exception_handler can capture the rate limit metadata (policy, quota_unit, storage_key, quota_used, rejection_threshold) onto the request for access log middleware.

No changes for the user, since custom_exception_handler will still reraise Throttled with the same error message for the frontend.

[github-actions]

Backend Test Failures

Failures on 637ea10 in this run:

tests/sentry/api/test_organization_events.py::OrganizationEventsEndpointTest::test_handling_snuba_errors — log

tests/sentry/api/test_organization_events.py:133: in test_handling_snuba_errors
    assert response.data["detail"] == constants.RATE_LIMIT_ERROR_MESSAGE
E   AssertionError: assert ErrorDetail(s...e='throttled') == '\nRate limit...r projects.\n'
E     
E     - 
E     - Rate limit exceeded. Please try your query with a smaller date range or fewer projects.
E     ?                                                                                        -
E     + Rate limit exceeded. Please try your query with a smaller date range or fewer projects.

[sentry]

Bug: The change to re-raise RateLimitExceeded in handle_query_errors will cause background tasks like run_sdk_update_detector_for_organization to fail when they hit a rate limit.
_{Severity: MEDIUM}

Suggested Fix

Consider reverting the behavior within handle_query_errors to catch RateLimitExceeded and raise a Throttled exception. Alternatively, add explicit try-except RateLimitExceeded blocks around calls to handle_query_errors in background tasks to handle this case gracefully.

Prompt for AI Agent

Review the code at the location below. A potential bug has been identified by an AI
agent.
Verify if this is a real issue. If it is, propose a fix; if not, explain why it's not
valid.

Location: src/sentry/api/utils.py#L417-L419

Potential issue: The `handle_query_errors` context manager no longer converts
`RateLimitExceeded` exceptions into `Throttled` errors, but re-raises them. Background
tasks, such as `run_sdk_update_detector_for_organization`, use this context manager
without a surrounding `try-except` block. Consequently, if a rate limit is encountered
during a query within this task, the `RateLimitExceeded` exception will propagate
unhandled, causing the Celery task to fail. While the task framework will log this
failure and prevent a server crash, it represents a functional regression where tasks
fail instead of handling rate limits gracefully.

_{Did we get this right? 👍 / 👎 to inform future reviews.}

[github-actions]

Backend Test Failures

Failures on 36c7a2a in this run:

tests/sentry/api/test_organization_events.py::OrganizationEventsEndpointTest::test_handling_snuba_errors — log

tests/sentry/api/test_organization_events.py:133: in test_handling_snuba_errors
    assert response.data["detail"] == constants.RATE_LIMIT_ERROR_MESSAGE
E   AssertionError: assert ErrorDetail(s...e='throttled') == '\nRate limit...r projects.\n'
E     
E     - 
E     - Rate limit exceeded. Please try your query with a smaller date range or fewer projects.
E     ?                                                                                        -
E     + Rate limit exceeded. Please try your query with a smaller date range or fewer projects.

[cursor]

Cursor Bugbot has reviewed your changes and found 1 potential issue.

^{Bugbot Autofix is OFF. To automatically fix reported issues with cloud agents, enable autofix in the Cursor dashboard.}

[github-actions]

Backend Test Failures

Failures on 551ef80 in this run:

tests/sentry/api/test_handlers.py::TestRateLimited::test_simple — log

tests/sentry/api/test_handlers.py:33: in test_simple
    assert (
E   AssertionError: assert ErrorDetail(s...e='throttled') == 'Rate limit e...wer projects.'
E     
E     + 
E     - Rate limit exceeded. Please try your query with a smaller date range or fewer projects.
E     + Rate limit exceeded. Please try your query with a smaller date range or fewer projects.
E     ?                                                                                        +