feat: enforce PSS restricted for user namespaces in CI by abdullahpathan22 · Pull Request #3434 · kubeflow/manifests

abdullahpathan22 · 2026-04-03T15:09:59Z

This PR automates the enforcement of PSS 'restricted' policies on user namespaces in CI. It follows the pattern established in PR #3190 but extends it to dynamic namespaces.

Key Changes:

Default PSS labels in Profile Controller.
Compliance patches for CI test components.
Cleanup of manual PSS labeling in scripts.

google-oss-prow · 2026-04-03T15:10:05Z

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Copilot

Pull request overview

This pull request automates the enforcement of Kubernetes Pod Security Standards (PSS) 'restricted' policies on user namespaces in CI, extending the approach established in PR #3190 to dynamic namespaces created by the Profile Controller. The changes include updating test manifests to comply with PSS restricted requirements, configuring the Profile Controller to apply PSS labels by default, and removing manual PSS labeling logic from test scripts.

Changes:

Add security contexts to test YAML manifests (training_operator_job.yaml, trainer_job.yaml, notebook.test.kubeflow-user-example.com.yaml, katib_test.yaml) to comply with PSS restricted requirements
Enable PSS restricted enforcement by default in Profile Controller's namespace-labels.yaml configuration
Update PSS_enable.sh to apply PSS policies to user namespaces regardless of enforcement level
Remove manual namespace PSS labeling from kubeflow_profile_install.sh script

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
tests/training_operator_job.yaml	Adds pod and container-level securityContext to Master and Worker replica specs
tests/trainer_job.yaml	Adds container-level securityContext to trainer specification
tests/notebook.test.kubeflow-user-example.com.yaml	Adds pod and container-level securityContext to Notebook spec
tests/katib_test.yaml	Adds pod and container-level securityContext to Experiment trial template
tests/PSS_enable.sh	Updates namespace list to always include kubeflow-user-example-com
tests/kubeflow_profile_install.sh	Removes manual PSS label application
applications/profiles/upstream/base/namespace-labels.yaml	Adds PSS restricted enforcement and warning labels

tests/trainer_job.yaml

Copilot

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

tests/PSS_enable.sh

Copilot

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

applications/profiles/upstream/base/namespace-labels.yaml

abdullahpathan22 · 2026-04-03T23:39:29Z

Hello @juliusvonkohout,
Addressing the Copilot suggestion about applications/profiles/pss/namespace-labels.yaml:

I investigated whether this file also needs to be updated to restricted for consistency.

The pss/ directory is a Kustomize overlay that was introduced as an opt-in layer on top of upstream/base/. Since this PR moves PSS restricted enforcement directly into the Profile Controller's default labels in upstream/base/namespace-labels.yaml, the pss/ overlay's relationship to these changes is worth clarifying.

To verify locally:

# Check the current PSS level set in the overlay
cat applications/profiles/pss/namespace-labels.yaml

# Check whether it is actively referenced by any kustomization
grep -r "pss" applications/profiles/ --include="kustomization.yaml"

Depending on the result:

If the pss/ overlay is actively referenced and sets a different level (e.g. baseline), it would override the new default and needs to be updated to restricted.
If it is not referenced or already set to restricted, no change is needed and the Copilot suggestion can be dismissed.

Copilot

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 8 out of 8 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

tests/trainer_job.yaml

Copilot

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 8 out of 8 changed files in this pull request and generated no new comments.

applications/profiles/upstream/base/namespace-labels.yaml

tests/kubeflow_profile_install.sh

applications/profiles/pss/namespace-labels.yaml

juliusvonkohout · 2026-04-04T11:04:31Z

Please rebase to master after #3421

abdullahpathan22 · 2026-04-04T13:00:34Z

Hello @juliusvonkohout Please review this PR. Thank you!

juliusvonkohout · 2026-04-04T15:31:47Z

Hello @juliusvonkohout Please review this PR. Thank you!

Please fix the failing test.

abdullahpathan22 · 2026-04-05T08:40:21Z

Hello @juliusvonkohout my apologies i will rollback my change. I will be more mindfull in Future.

Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

This reverts commit 27287d3. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

This commit automates the enforcement of Pod Security Standard (PSS) 'restricted' policies on user namespaces created by the Profile Controller. It also updates CI test manifests (Notebook, Katib, Training) to be PSS compliant by adding the required security contexts. Changes: - Added PSS restricted labels to Profile Controller's default labels. - Patched Notebook, Katib, and Training Operator test manifests. - Refactored profile installation scripts for consistent enforcement. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Modified PSS_enable.sh to only include the user namespace when the PSS_LEVEL is set to 'restricted'. This prevents potential conflicts where the script might try to downgrade the security level to 'baseline' for namespaces that are now enforced to be 'restricted' by default. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Updated applications/profiles/pss/namespace-labels.yaml to ensure consistency with the upstream configuration. The PSS enforcement level has been increased from baseline to restricted, and matching warning labels and versions have been added as required by the new security standards. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Removed pod security enforcement labels from the namespace. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Add pod security enforcement label to KF_PROFILE namespace Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

- Remove spec.template and spec.trainer.securityContext from trainer_job.yaml as they are unknown fields in TrainJob v1alpha1 CRD, causing strict decoding rejection (BadRequest). - Update pytorch-mnist image in training_operator_job.yaml from the legacy docker.io/kubeflowkatib image (root-based) to ghcr.io/kubeflow/katib/pytorch-mnist-cpu:v0.19.0, which supports non-root execution and is consistent with katib_test.yaml. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

- training_operator_job.yaml: Add sidecar.istio.io/inject=false as pod annotation (not just label) so Istio CNI respects the opt-out and does not inject the istio-validation init container that requires NET_ADMIN capability blocked by PSS baseline. - katib_test.yaml: Add --no-cuda flag to trial command to ensure the training script exits quickly in CPU-only CI environments, fixing the 600s Succeeded timeout. - kubeflow_profile_install.sh: Re-add explicit kubectl label for baseline PSS as belt-and-suspenders alongside the Profile Controller declarative approach, ensuring the label is set before any pods are scheduled. - notebook.test.kubeflow-user-example.com.yaml: Use fsGroup=100 (jovyan group) instead of 1000 to match the notebook server image's expected group, fixing the readyReplicas=1 timeout. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Copilot

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 10 out of 10 changed files in this pull request and generated 4 comments.

Copilot · 2026-04-05T09:00:29Z

.github/workflows/pipeline_test.yaml

-    - tests/pipeline_v1_test.py
-    - tests/pipeline_v2_test.py
+    - tests/pipeline*
    - experimental/security/PSS/*


The workflow references experimental/security/PSS/* as a trigger path, but this directory does not exist in the repository. The PSS configuration is located at applications/profiles/pss/. This path should be updated to ensure the workflow is triggered correctly when PSS configuration changes.

Suggested change

- experimental/security/PSS/*

- applications/profiles/pss/**

Copilot · 2026-04-05T09:00:29Z

.github/workflows/katib_test.yaml

  pull_request:
    paths:
    - tests/install_KinD_create_KinD_cluster_install_kustomize.sh
-    - tests/katib_install.sh
+    - tests/katib*
    - .github/workflows/katib_test.yaml
    - applications/katib/upstream/**
    - common/istio*/**


The workflow references experimental/security/PSS/* as a trigger path, but this directory does not exist in the repository. The PSS configuration is located at applications/profiles/pss/. This path should be updated to ensure the workflow is triggered correctly when PSS configuration changes.

tests/notebook.test.kubeflow-user-example.com.yaml

Copilot · 2026-04-05T09:00:30Z

tests/training_operator_test.sh

+# Wait for the PyTorchJob to be created by the operator
+echo "Waiting for PyTorchJob status to be populated..."
+if ! kubectl wait --for=condition=Created pytorchjob/pytorch-simple -n $KF_PROFILE --timeout=120s; then
+    echo "ERROR: Timeout waiting for PyTorchJob status. Collecting diagnostics..."
+    kubectl describe pytorchjob pytorch-simple -n $KF_PROFILE
+    kubectl get pods -n $KF_PROFILE -l training.kubeflow.org/job-name=pytorch-simple 
+    kubectl get events -n $KF_PROFILE --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp


The kubectl wait command has been changed from using jsonpath to using a condition. However, the condition "Created" may not be a valid condition for pytorchjob resources. Valid conditions are typically resource-specific. Please verify that "Created" is a valid condition for Kubeflow PyTorchJob resources, or consult the training-operator documentation for the correct condition name.

Suggested change

# Wait for the PyTorchJob to be created by the operator

echo "Waiting for PyTorchJob status to be populated..."

if ! kubectl wait --for=condition=Created pytorchjob/pytorch-simple -n $KF_PROFILE --timeout=120s; then

echo "ERROR: Timeout waiting for PyTorchJob status. Collecting diagnostics..."

kubectl describe pytorchjob pytorch-simple -n $KF_PROFILE

kubectl get pods -n $KF_PROFILE -l training.kubeflow.org/job-name=pytorch-simple

kubectl get events -n $KF_PROFILE --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp

# Wait for the PyTorchJob status conditions to be populated by the operator.

echo "Waiting for PyTorchJob status to be populated..."

pytorch_job_status_timeout_seconds=120

pytorch_job_status_poll_interval_seconds=2

pytorch_job_status_is_populated=false

for ((elapsed_seconds=0; elapsed_seconds<pytorch_job_status_timeout_seconds; elapsed_seconds+=pytorch_job_status_poll_interval_seconds)); do

pytorch_job_condition_type=$(kubectl get pytorchjob pytorch-simple -n "$KF_PROFILE" -o jsonpath='{.status.conditions[0].type}' 2>/dev/null || true)

if [[ -n "$pytorch_job_condition_type" ]]; then

pytorch_job_status_is_populated=true

break

fi

sleep "$pytorch_job_status_poll_interval_seconds"

done

if [[ "$pytorch_job_status_is_populated" != "true" ]]; then

echo "ERROR: Timeout waiting for PyTorchJob status. Collecting diagnostics..."

kubectl describe pytorchjob pytorch-simple -n "$KF_PROFILE"

kubectl get pods -n "$KF_PROFILE" -l training.kubeflow.org/job-name=pytorch-simple

kubectl get events -n "$KF_PROFILE" --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp

- Update PSS trigger paths in all workflows - Fix PyTorchJob Creation wait condition in training_operator_test.sh Signed-off-by: abdullahpathan22 <abdullahpathan22@users.noreply.github.com>

Copilot

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 13 out of 13 changed files in this pull request and generated no new comments.

- tests/training_operator_job.yaml, tests/katib_test.yaml: revert broken ghcr image to docker.io - tests/notebook.test.kubeflow-user-example.com.yaml: opt out of Istio sidecar injection to bypass PSS baseline NET_ADMIN rejection Signed-off-by: abdullahpathan22 <abdullahpathan22@users.noreply.github.com>

juliusvonkohout · 2026-04-05T12:36:41Z

tests/katib_test.yaml

            containers:
            - name: training-container
-              image: ghcr.io/kubeflow/katib/pytorch-mnist-cpu:v0.19.0
+              image: docker.io/kubeflowkatib/pytorch-mnist-cpu:latest


Why are you moving away from ghcr? We have to use ghcr.

Sorry about that, it was an oversight from a local test change. I have reverted all image references back to ghcr.io/kubeflow/katib/pytorch-mnist-cpu:v0.19.0 in the latest commit to ensure we stick with our registry standards.

juliusvonkohout · 2026-04-05T12:42:39Z

You can also just test offline. That might be faster than with the CI.

As per mentor feedback, we must avoid using docker.io and prefer ghcr.io for all container images in our manifests and tests. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: abdullahpathan22 <abdullahpathan22@users.noreply.github.com>

abdullahpathan22 · 2026-04-05T12:52:52Z

Hello @juliusvonkohout i am testing it locally now.

* Add global container securityContext to Argo workflow controller * Ensure kubeflow-trainer-webhook-cert creates correctly bypassing type validation * Inject emptyDir mounts for PyTorch/Katib training pods to resolve Permission Denied errors * Ensure consistent PSS enforcement in local tests Signed-off-by: abdullahpathan22 <abdullahpathan22@users.noreply.github.com>

…llbacks * Increase experiment wait timeout to 300s to accommodate KinD networking * Implement debug traps and docker image pre-loading Signed-off-by: abdullahpathan22 <abdullahpathan22@users.noreply.github.com>

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abdullahpathan22 force-pushed the fix/pss-restricted-user-namespaces branch from 605c163 to e8500e3 Compare April 3, 2026 15:29

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abdullahpathan22 force-pushed the fix/pss-restricted-user-namespaces branch from 996f8af to b1b6def Compare April 4, 2026 12:19

abdullahpathan22 force-pushed the fix/pss-restricted-user-namespaces branch from 911634e to 7f04ae2 Compare April 4, 2026 19:43

Abdullah Pathan added 12 commits April 5, 2026 14:11

fix: resolve Kustomize 5 deprecation warnings (kubeflow#2991)

f693043

Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Revert "fix: resolve Kustomize 5 deprecation warnings (kubeflow#2991)"

230480c

This reverts commit 27287d3. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Change pod security enforcement to baseline

4c9bfa1

Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Remove pod security labels from namespace

6b39804

Removed pod security enforcement labels from the namespace. Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

Label KF_PROFILE namespace with restricted pod security

cd15375

Add pod security enforcement label to KF_PROFILE namespace Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

fix: robust wait logic and PSS hardening for training operator and katib

78f9e01

Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

ci: update katib and pipeline workflow triggers

bd62d80

Signed-off-by: Abdullah Pathan <abdullahpathan22@gmail.com>

abdullahpathan22 force-pushed the fix/pss-restricted-user-namespaces branch from 56373ff to bd62d80 Compare April 5, 2026 08:42

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fix(ci): address Copilot AI review feedback

5c2cdc2

- Update PSS trigger paths in all workflows - Fix PyTorchJob Creation wait condition in training_operator_test.sh Signed-off-by: abdullahpathan22 <abdullahpathan22@users.noreply.github.com>

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abdullahpathan22 added 2 commits April 6, 2026 02:50

fix(tests): Enhance katib_test.sh with extended timeouts and debug fa…

15ae2aa

…llbacks * Increase experiment wait timeout to 300s to accommodate KinD networking * Implement debug traps and docker image pre-loading Signed-off-by: abdullahpathan22 <abdullahpathan22@users.noreply.github.com>

-# Wait for the PyTorchJob to be created by the operator
-echo "Waiting for PyTorchJob status to be populated..."
-if ! kubectl wait --for=condition=Created pytorchjob/pytorch-simple -n $KF_PROFILE --timeout=120s; then
-    echo "ERROR: Timeout waiting for PyTorchJob status. Collecting diagnostics..."
-    kubectl describe pytorchjob pytorch-simple -n $KF_PROFILE
-    kubectl get pods -n $KF_PROFILE -l training.kubeflow.org/job-name=pytorch-simple
-    kubectl get events -n $KF_PROFILE --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp
+# Wait for the PyTorchJob status conditions to be populated by the operator.
+echo "Waiting for PyTorchJob status to be populated..."
+pytorch_job_status_timeout_seconds=120
+pytorch_job_status_poll_interval_seconds=2
+pytorch_job_status_is_populated=false
+for ((elapsed_seconds=0; elapsed_seconds<pytorch_job_status_timeout_seconds; elapsed_seconds+=pytorch_job_status_poll_interval_seconds)); do
+    pytorch_job_condition_type=$(kubectl get pytorchjob pytorch-simple -n "$KF_PROFILE" -o jsonpath='{.status.conditions[0].type}' 2>/dev/null || true)
+    if [[ -n "$pytorch_job_condition_type" ]]; then
+        pytorch_job_status_is_populated=true
+        break
+    fi
+    sleep "$pytorch_job_status_poll_interval_seconds"
+done
+if [[ "$pytorch_job_status_is_populated" != "true" ]]; then
+    echo "ERROR: Timeout waiting for PyTorchJob status. Collecting diagnostics..."
+    kubectl describe pytorchjob pytorch-simple -n "$KF_PROFILE"
+    kubectl get pods -n "$KF_PROFILE" -l training.kubeflow.org/job-name=pytorch-simple
+    kubectl get events -n "$KF_PROFILE" --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp

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