Tested v4.7.2, v4.9.5, and v5.1.1 in rhel7.
Using username in /etc/subuid /etc/subguid works as expected. Using userid in those files, rootless 'podman image ls' fails with:
cannot find UID/GID for user {username}: no subuid ranges found for user "{username}"
It works without error in a non-AD environment using local user IDs.
I also tested rhel8 v4.9.4 release from the redhat standard repos and it works as expected in an AD environment with userids.
I see there was a related issue a couple of years ago which was solved by an idtools PR - maybe not helpfule, but thought it was worth mentioning:
containers/storage#1264