Allow extra on log messages via InstrumentLogger

[jenshnielsen]

InstrumentLoggerAdapter by default discards any information that is added to the LogRecord via extra. This extends the new 3.13 feature to allow the user to add extra information to the messages logged via the InstrumentLoggerAdapter regardless of the version of python.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 76.92308% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 59.92%. Comparing base (e7eaf4d) to head (5aa5f8e).
Report is 14 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/qcodes/logger/instrument_logger.py	76.92%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #7186   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   59.92%   59.92%           
=======================================
  Files         342      342           
  Lines       31472    31481    +9     
=======================================
+ Hits        18859    18865    +6     
- Misses      12613    12616    +3     

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