Base implementation of catching exceptions made in C stubs

[SturdyPose]

The goal of this PR is to fix #430

• Add base implementation for catching segmentation faults with try catch block
• Implementation for windows stacktraces
• Implementation for linux stacktraces
• Credit author for collecting windows stack trace in the comments - https://smhk.net/note/2025/03/c-stack-trace-in-windows/
• Update stubs.expected file
• Export different exception structs like SegFault
• Make working JS backend build

Open to any feedback. :)

[MisterDA]

There's a bit of mixed indentation in the C file, please reformat the Windows code to be consistent with the rest.

[SturdyPose]

Applied clang-format on source

[SturdyPose]

Seems like windows containers are broken because they don't have npm and I'm unsure why mac is not catching the exception... 🤔

[SturdyPose]

Yeah, I'll need to rethink the implementation of reporting it back to ocaml -> might not be possible at all. There can be stack corruption and that would lead to undeterministic results. Do you think that reporting it to stderr would be good enough?

[MisterDA]

For the unix part maybe you need a signal handler on the ocaml side instead?