[Backport 2.x] Add implementation for remote store path types

[ashking94]

Backport bad49ef from #13103.

[github-actions]

❕ Gradle check result for 9b3fd3d: UNSTABLE

• TEST FAILURES:

      1 org.opensearch.backwards.MixedClusterClientYamlTestSuiteIT.test {p0=indices.get_field_mapping/20_missing_field/Return empty object if field doesn't exist, but index does}

Please review all flaky tests that succeeded after retry and create an issue if one does not already exist to track the flaky failure.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 90.00000% with 2 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 71.15%. Comparing base (0dd892c) to head (9b3fd3d).
Report is 195 commits behind head on 2.x.

Files	Patch %	Lines
.../org/opensearch/index/remote/RemoteStoreEnums.java	85.71%	0 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##                2.x   #13423      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     71.28%   71.15%   -0.14%     
- Complexity    60145    60747     +602     
============================================
  Files          4957     5015      +58     
  Lines        282799   286128    +3329     
  Branches      41409    41819     +410     
============================================
+ Hits         201591   203591    +2000     
- Misses        64189    65379    +1190     
- Partials      17019    17158     +139     

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