Approximation framework to support numeric search_after queries

[prudhvigodithi]

This PR targets to support search_after queries from the solution described in this issue #18546.

• Adjusts the lower and upper bounds based on the sort direction. Lower bound for ASC sort and upper bound for DESC sort. Example:

Data: 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 
Range query: [10-100] with ASC sort → Results: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
search_after: [30] with ASC sort → New range: [31-100] - excludes 30
                                   Results: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100

Data: 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
Range query: [0-90] with DESC sort → Results: 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 1
search_after: [30] with DESC sort → New range: [0-29] excludes 30
                                    Results: 20, 10, 1

• Adds new byte[] encodePoint(Object value, boolean roundUp); in NumericPointEncoder as today search_after value is returned as object and requires converting it into the appropriate field specific byte[].

  • This handles the rounding up and rounding down for field specific value as for search_after with ASC sort we want values greater than the search_after value and for DESC sort we want values less than the search_after.

• Handles the search_after conversation for dates with date math rounding operations, here is the sample query. Note the existing parseToLong is for date math rounding operations and not for creating search_after bounds.

curl -X POST "localhost:9200/big5/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "sort": [
    { "@timestamp": "asc" }
  ],
  "search_after": ["2023-01-01T10:30:00.000Z||/h"]  
}'

• Coming from this PR https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/18763/files where approximation code path is disabled for multi sort, hence search_after should work as expected when dealing with multiple tie breaker search_after values

• Regarding benchmarks following are the queries we should see improvement from the existing workloads

  • big5: desc_sort_with_after_timestamp, asc_sort_with_after_timestamp
  • http_logs: desc_sort_with_after_timestamp, asc_sort_with_after_timestamp
  • geonames: asc_sort_with_after_population, desc_sort_with_after_geonameid, asc_sort_with_after_geonameid

Description

[Describe what this change achieves]

Related Issues

Resolves #18546

Check List

• Functionality includes testing.
• API changes companion pull request created, if applicable.
• Public documentation issue/PR created, if applicable.

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.
For more information on following Developer Certificate of Origin and signing off your commits, please check here.

[github-actions]

✅ Gradle check result for 3c6596a: SUCCESS

[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 9137fe5: FAILURE

Please examine the workflow log, locate, and copy-paste the failure(s) below, then iterate to green. Is the failure a flaky test unrelated to your change?

[github-actions]

✅ Gradle check result for 9137fe5: SUCCESS

[github-actions]

✅ Gradle check result for b46ffcf: SUCCESS

[cwperks]

For some reason @kkewwei 's approval didn't count towards merge. Approving the PR while we figure out the codeowners issue.