[Telemetry] Design shared logging module

[Olshansk]

Objective

Create the foundations to unify and standardize the logging approach across the entire codebase.

Origin Document

See the github discussion for full details: #214

The implementation of this was started by @derrandz here: #162.

This ticket can either build on top of the existing WIP or use those learnings and apply them to a different approach.

Goals / Deliverables

• Research and identify common logging frameworks available in Go and use in major codebases (e.g. Uber)
• Design a new shared logging module based on the results from the research above. This means it could be:
  • Created from scratch
  • Imports an existing framework
  • Extends an existing one with a lightweight wrapper

General issue checklist

• Update the appropriate CHANGELOG
• Update the appropriate README on how to use and test this feature
• Update any relevant global documentation & references
• Add a video and/or gif on how to use feature
• Document small issues / TODOs along the way

Non-goals

• Add new logs throughout the codebase
• Improve the explicitness or correctness of existing logs
• Add new business logic functionality

Testing Methodology

• All tests: make test_all
• LocalNet: verify a LocalNet is still functioning correctly by following the instructions at docs/development/README.md
  Remove

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Creator: @Olshansk
Co-Owners: @vlad-she @derrandz

[Olshansk]

Note that there will be cross-dependencies between this and #118

[Olshansk]

A WIP implementation of this is available here: #162