fix(python): Handle non-Sequence iterables in filter

[dangotbanned]

Fixes #16253

I tried to keep the logic as close to the original as possible.
E.g, prioritising the fast paths.

Was wondering if the is_sequence check that follows is the best option though.

Edit:
To elaborate on the is_sequence comment further.

Acceptable inputs at that stage are:

1. One or more Expr
2. An str representing a column name in self.columns
3. A Sequence that is not a Series

Where parsing 3 is defered to parse_as_list_of_expressions.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.37%. Comparing base (ec08d76) to head (1c5ebd9).
Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

❗ Current head 1c5ebd9 differs from pull request most recent head 4bfd044

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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #16254      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.39%   81.37%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files        1406     1406              
  Lines      183953   183955       +2     
  Branches     2958     2959       +1     
==========================================
- Hits       149731   149694      -37     
- Misses      33709    33748      +39     
  Partials      513      513              

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[dangotbanned]

@alexander-beedie hoping this is good to go now