Invert DrawNode application for composability

[smoogipoo]

I want DrawNodes to be composable for use with a future BufferedDrawNode.

The end goal is for the following to be possible:

Drawable:
    CreateDrawNode() => new DrawNode();

Path:
    CreateDrawNode() => new BufferedDrawNode(new PathDrawNode())

Which will basically draw the path into a framebuffer. This is not really well supported by DrawNodes right now due to Drawable.ApplyDrawNode() requiring that you know the type of DrawNode given by CreateDrawNode(), which is not always possible.
Furthermore, ApplyDrawNode() would also have to fill the state of BufferedDrawNode.

In this PR:

Drawable

- ApplyDrawNode(DrawNode node)

The ApplyDrawNode() method has been removed.

DrawNode

+ ctor(Drawable source)
+ ApplyState()

The constructor provides the source from which the state for the DrawNode is copied.
The ApplyState() method serves the same purpose as ApplyDrawNode(), except in reverse - copying states from the Drawable to ourselves.

Breaking Changes

Drawable.ApplyDrawNode() has been removed

The direction of application of DrawNode states has been inversed.

Previously:

class MyCustomDrawable : Drawable
{
    private bool state;

    protected override DrawNode CreateDrawNode() => new CustomDrawNode();

    protected override void ApplyDrawNode(DrawNode node)
    {
        base.ApplyDrawNode(node);

        var n = (CustomDrawNode)n;
        
        n.State = state; 
    }

    private class CustomDrawNode : DrawNode
    {
        public bool State;
    }
}

Now:

class MyCustomDrawable : Drawable
{
    private bool state;

    protected override DrawNode CreateDrawNode() => new CustomDrawNode(this);

    private class CustomDrawNode : DrawNode
    {
        protected new MyCustomDrawable Source => (MyCustomDrawable)base.Source;

        private bool state;

        public CustomDrawNode(MyCustomDrawable source)
            : base(source)
        {
        }

        public override void ApplyState()
        {
            base.ApplyState();

            state = Source.state;
        }
    }
}

The namespace of EdgeEffectParameters and EdgeEffectType has changed

They now reside in osu.Framework.Graphics.Effects.

[smoogipoo]

Blocking because this has broken volume meter.

[peppy]

On a first pass this is looking quite good to me.