Drop Python 3.10 support

[gforsyth]

Description

Contributes to rapidsai/build-planning#246

Finishes the work of dropping Python 3.10 support.

This project stopped building / testing against Python 3.10 as of rapidsai/shared-workflows#494
This PR updates configuration and docs to reflect that.

Followups before merging

Check that there are no remaining uses like this:

git grep -E '3\.10'
git grep '310'
git grep 'py310'

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[gforsyth]

/ok to test

[jameslamb]

Left a few small docs-only suggestions.

[jameslamb]

Suggested change

Note: cuxfilter is supported only on Linux, and with Python versions 3.11, 3.12, and 3.13.

The RAPIDS install selector linked below will show the supported Python versions. Let's remove this and not have to change it the next time we change the range of supported versions.

[jameslamb]

Suggested change

	> Above are sample install snippets for cuxfilter, see the [Get RAPIDS version picker](https://rapids.ai/start.html) for installing the latest `cuxfilter` version.
	> Above are sample install snippets for cuxfilter, see the [RAPIDS installation docs](https://docs.rapids.ai/install/) for installing the latest `cuxfilter` version.

While you're changing that, could you change all the links to this start.html page here to the https://docs.rapids.ai/install/?

It redirects there.

[jameslamb]

Changed my mind, switching to "approve" so you don't need to chase me for another review. But please do consider that docs suggestion.

[gforsyth]

/merge