c/topic_table: use chunked_hash_map for lifecycle markers

[bashtanov]

to avoid oversized allocations

Fixes https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/CORE-15289

Backports Required

• none - not a bug fix
• none - this is a backport
• none - issue does not exist in previous branches
• none - papercut/not impactful enough to backport
• v25.3.x
• v25.2.x
• v25.1.x

Release Notes

• none

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR replaces absl::node_hash_map with chunked_hash_map for lifecycle markers storage to prevent oversized memory allocations. The change affects both the runtime topic_table and the snapshot data structure topics_t.

Changes:

• Updated lifecycle markers container type from absl::node_hash_map to chunked_hash_map
• Modified snapshot application logic to use replace() method instead of direct assignment
• Applied the change consistently across both the topic table and controller snapshot structures

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
src/v/cluster/topic_table.h	Changed lifecycle_markers_t typedef from absl::node_hash_map to chunked_hash_map
src/v/cluster/topic_table.cc	Updated snapshot application to use replace() with .values().copy() instead of direct assignment
src/v/cluster/controller_snapshot.h	Changed lifecycle markers type in topics_t struct from absl::node_hash_map to chunked_hash_map

[vbotbuildovich]

Retry command for Build#79095

please wait until all jobs are finished before running the slash command

/ci-repeat 1
skip-redpanda-build
skip-units
skip-rebase
tests/rptest/tests/cluster_linking_e2e_test.py::ShadowLinkingMetricsTests.test_link_metrics

[vbotbuildovich]

CI test results

test results on build#79095

test_class	test_method	test_arguments	test_kind	job_url	test_status	passed	reason	test_history
ShadowLinkingMetricsTests	test_link_metrics	null	integration	https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/79095#019bc2df-8436-4280-865b-8b7713f76517	FLAKY	12/21	Test FAILS after retries.Significant increase in flaky rate(baseline=0.0377, p0=0.0000, reject_threshold=0.0100)	https://redpanda.metabaseapp.com/dashboard/87-tests?tab=142-dt-individual-test-history&test_class=ShadowLinkingMetricsTests&test_method=test_link_metrics

[dotnwat]

lgtm

[bashtanov]

/ci-repeat 1
skip-redpanda-build
skip-units
skip-rebase
tests/rptest/tests/cluster_linking_e2e_test.py::ShadowLinkingMetricsTests.test_link_metrics

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v25.3.x

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v25.2.x

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v25.1.x

[vbotbuildovich]

Failed to create a backport PR to v25.1.x branch. I tried:

git remote add upstream https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda.git
git fetch --all
git checkout -b backport-pr-29269-v25.1.x-296 remotes/upstream/v25.1.x
git cherry-pick -x efc8a8013c

Workflow run logs.